NP: Chapter 24 Schizophrenia

Question 1

2 positive symptoms

Answer 1

hallucinations
delusions

Question 2

3 negative symptoms

Answer 2

blunted affect
ambivalence
autism

Question 3

disorganization

Answer 3

loosening of association

Question 4

dus welke 3 soorten symptomen heb je

Answer 4

positive symptoms
negative symptoms
disorganization

Question 5

wie beschreven schizophrenia als eerste

Answer 5

bleuler and kraeplin

Question 6

globale dsm criteria voor schizophrenia

Answer 6

delusions, hallucinations, incoherent speech, chaotic or catatonic behaviour, negative symptoms.
social functioning decline, at least 2 symptoms (of which 1 positive) for 6 months

Question 7

schizo is very heterogenous!!

Answer 7

oke

Question 8

onset of the disorder for men

Answer 8

18-25 yr

Question 9

onset of the disorder for women

Answer 9

3-4 years later than men, dus begin 20-28

Question 10

cognitive impairments are not part of the dsm 5 criteria now, even though … of the people suffer from cognitive impairments

Answer 10

70-80%

Question 11

incidence schizophrenia

Answer 11

15 per 100.000 per year

Question 12

bij welke mensen en welke delen

Answer 12

immigrants, en bij ppl in urban regions, men meer dan women

Question 13

lifetime prevalence of schiz

Answer 13

4 per 1000 ppl (general pop)

Question 14

hallucinations =

Answer 14

sensory perceptions that resemble an actual perception without stimulation of the sense involved

Question 15

delusions =

Answer 15

beliefs that do not correspond to reality and are not shared by others in the culture

Question 16

schizophrenia wss caused door combinatie van

Answer 16

multiple genes and the environment

Question 17

brein structuren anders in schizophrenia

Answer 17

decreased grey matter in temporal + limbic structures

changes in white matter between cerebral hemispheres (via DTI gemeten)

Question 18

volume in entire brain decreased with

Answer 18

3%

Question 19

first gen antipsychotics

Answer 19

dopamine antagonist, sedating

Question 20

second gen antipsychotic drugs

Answer 20

= ook wel atypical antipsychotic drugs

meer gebruik van serotonin & glutamate receptors, dopamine minder gebruik dan first gen (= fewer side effects)

Question 21

third gen antipsychotic drugs

Answer 21

partial dopamine antagonists

Question 22

which symptoms do antipsychotics target

Answer 22

positive symptoms

Question 23

cognitive impairment in schiz is very wide, no signle domain in which performances do not overlap with healthy controls.

Answer 23

dus cannot disguise schiz via neuropsychological tests

Question 24

speed of information processing issues

Answer 24

issues with coding tasks, not so much for basic tasks

Question 25

attention and vigilance

Answer 25

reaction time tasks bij sommige mensen impaired

Question 26

working memory

Answer 26

some researchers think this is the core of schiz. remembering info gaat meestal wel goed (forward digit span task) maar als de info ook geprocessed moet worden gaat het minder goed (backward digit span task)

Question 27

learning and memory

Answer 27

impairment in declarative memory, vooral encoding info active retrieval of info is more affected than the recognition of info (dus wel herkennen, minder goed onthouden)

Question 28

executive functions

Answer 28

decreased initiative and social insight

Question 29

hoe kan je social cognition opdelen

Answer 29

lower order processes (= basic emotion perception) complex/higher order processes (= interpretation of social info, bv social perception, knowledge, theory of mind)

Question 30

there is evidence for minor abnormalities in cognitive functioning before the first psychotic episode occurs.

Answer 30

bc. premorbid iq was iets lager, language skills iets slechter. maar geen grote verschillen.

Question 31

hoe zit het met cog. functioning bij patients ouder dan 65

Answer 31

na 65 patients deterioration may be faster than normal age cognitive deterioration

Question 32

impairments in social cognition may lead to...

Answer 32

positive symptoms bijvoorbeeld theory of mind -> may help develop paranoia

Question 33

metacognition =

Answer 33

ability to reflect on own cognitive functions

Question 34

wat heeft metacognition te maken met psychosis

Answer 34

mensen met hallucinaties -> meer difficulty distinguishing between thoughts of them selves vs others

Question 35

rate limiting factors

Answer 35

cognitive dysfunctions willl limit the options that an individual has for competence in daily life