what are the macronutrients that provide energy (5)
protein carbohydrates fat water alcohol
what are the 2 micronutrients
mineral and vitamins
what is the building block or monomer of protein
amino acid
what are the enzymes for protein?
proteases
what is the enzymes for carbohydrates
amylases
what is the enzymes for lipids
lipases
what is condensation
forming a bond between two smaller molecules
what is high in water content and can lower blood pressure?
vegies and fruits
what is BMI?
body mass index
does BMI reveal significant details about overall body composition?
No
what is the structure of carbohydrates
monosaccharides
disaccharides
polysaccharides
what is the reason for difficulty in identifying whole grain products
inconsistency in labeling and color of food
what is important to increase when it comes to the dietary guidelines
nutrient dense food
what are 3 facts regarding obesity
1; big waist = health risk
2; over past 20 yrs BMI has increased
3; hypertention and osteoarthritis
what has the greatest effect on weight gain?
total kilocalorie
what is enrichment?
process of restoring iron, thiamin, riboflavin, folic acid and niacin to original levels
what is the benefits to consumption of milk products
1; peak bone mass
2; decrease in prevalence and severity in periodontal disease
what is true of the terminology on food levels
1; DRV level of nutrients are desirable
2; a products nutrient profile is based on the % of DRVs but the term DRV is used on the label
what is the function of lipids?
energy metab storage insulation protection hormones, regulate body
what does my plate want to convey?
movement from a more concentrated solution to area of lower concentration
what is the most important nutrient
water
what is the coenzyme; do
assist enzymes in converting the substrate into a product
what kind of vitamin is a precursor
many water- soluble vitamins
what provides the most protein
beans
do unsaturated fatty acids undergo partial hydrogenation to be converted into tub spread margarine
yes
why?
small amounts of cis C=C bonds are converted to unwanted trans C=C bonds
can the DRI be used as an assessment on all patients
no, only on healthy PTs
what requirements are used for DRI
age abd gender
what does DRI stand for
dietary reference intakes
what best describes aspects of the DRI
1; replaces older recommended daily allowances
2; estimate required nutrients to improve long term health
2 types of molecular bonds
ionic bond and covalent bond
functions of DNA and RNA
store and transfer genetic information
dietary guidelines for americans are intended for adults and healthy children ages _____ and older
2 years
DH are committed to prevent
oral disease
DH are committed to promote
health and wellness
what is the process with living things use food to obtain nutrients for energy, growth and development and maintenance
nutrition
what measures the heat equivalent to 1000 calories
kilocalories
________ are the energy providing nutrients needed in larger amounts than ________.
micro and macro
EER is
estimated energy requirement
what increases muscular strength and endurance and maintains or increases muscle mass?
resistance exercise
what reduces that risk of osteoporosis by increasing peak bone mass during growth, maintaining peak bone mass during adulthood, and reducing the rate of bone loss during aging
weight bearing exercising
adults should maintain; calories from protein
10-35 %
adults should maintain; carbohydrates
45-65%
adults should maintain; lipids
20-35%
younger children need fat of %
25-40 %
high salt intake is associated with
hypertension
what is fortifications
adding nutrients
total kcal-kcal from required food groups=
discretionary kilocal
what are the levels of nutrient considered desirable for health or total fat, saturated fat, protein, cholesterol, carbohydrate, fiber and sodium
daily reference values
what is the DVs kcal diet limit
2000
oxidation def
loss of electrons
reduction def
gain of electrons
condensation def
bond between two smaller molecules
hydrolysis def
breakdown of a larger molecule into a smaller one
what are precursors of coenzymes
vitamins
4 major classes of biomolecules
CHO
proteins
nucleic acids
lipids
fat are considered______ or water fearing
hydrophobic
cholesterol steroid hormone precursor is important component in
biological membranes
catabolism is _____ of energy
production
anabolism is _____ of energy
requirement
lactose intolerance is the lacking of the intestinal enzyme_______
lactase