Nucleic Acids for Exam 1 Flashcards
1
Q
1 gene =
A
= 1 protein
2
Q
Percent of DNA coding for proteins
A
10% of DNA in the cell codes for proteins
3
Q
Transcription
A
DNA to mRNA
4
Q
Translation
A
- mRNA decoded by ribosomes into protein molecule
- tRNA brings correct amino acid to ribosome during mRNA translation
- Ribosomes are large heteromeric complexes of proteins and rRNA
5
Q
Nucleotides
A
Monomers of nucleic acids are nucleotides
6
Q
Purines
A
Adenine and Guanine
7
Q
Pyrimidines
A
Thymine, Cytosine, and Uracil
8
Q
Nucleotide anatomy
A
5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogen-containing aromatic base
9
Q
Phosphodiester Bond
A
Joined to 5’ carbon atom
10
Q
Nitrogen base attached…
A
N-base attached to 1’ carbon
11
Q
Nucleoside
A
- Sugar-base unit (missing phosphate)
- have “d” in front of abbreviation for deoxyribose
- nothing in front for ribose
12
Q
1, 2, 3 Phosphate groups
A
- Nucleoside Monophosphate (AMP) = Nucleotide
- Nucleoside Diphosphate (ADP) -Nucleoside Triphosphate (ATP)
13
Q
How are nucleic acids linked?
A
- Nucleic acids are linked through the phosphate group (group forms phosphodiester bond with 3’ carbon of next nucleotide)…condensation reaction resulting in 3’, 5’ phosphodiester bond
- Synthesized from 5’ to 3’
14
Q
Hydrogen Bonding
A
- Adenine and Thymine/Uracil form a DOUBLE BOND
- Cytosine and Guanine form a TRIPLE BOND
15
Q
3’ end of DNA
A
- H attached to 2’ C
- OH attached to 3’ C
