Nucleotides and nucleic acids

Question 1

nucleotides are bonded together to create what

Answer 1

nucleic acids DNA and RNA

Question 2

how many components do nucleotides have?

Answer 2

three

1. phosphate
2. sugar
3. nitrogenous base

Question 3

what sugar does DNA have

Answer 3

deoxyribose

Question 4

what sugar does RNA have

Answer 4

ribose

Question 5

what are the purines?

Answer 5

adenine and guanine

Question 6

what are they pyrimidines

Answer 6

uracil (RNA), thymine (DNA) and cytosine

Question 7

what synthesizes nucleic acid

Answer 7

ribose

Question 8

what is it called when a phosphate group is removed

Answer 8

nucleoside

Question 9

dna structure

Answer 9

double stranded alpha helix

2 strands run antiparallel

Question 10

dna bonds where nucleotides are within one strand

Answer 10

phosphodiester bond (strong)

Question 11

dna bond where there are base pairs between complimentary strands

Answer 11

hydrogen bonds (weak)

Question 12

adenine pairs with what in dna

Answer 12

thymine

Question 13

guanine pairs with what in dna

Answer 13

cytosine

Question 14

what enzyme is in dna

Answer 14

Dnase

Question 15

degradation products of pyrimidines

Answer 15

beta alanine

Question 16

degradation of purines

Answer 16

uric acid

Question 17

degradation of amino

Answer 17

urea

Question 18

when pyrimidine is attached to the first ribose 5 phosphate

Answer 18

orotate

Question 19

increased uric acid leads to inflammation and arthritis of bone is called

Answer 19

gout

Question 20

how is ribose activated

Answer 20

ribose 5 phosphate + ATP = PRPP + AMP

Question 21

where does replication and transcription happen

Answer 21

5’-3’

Question 22

dna replication aka

Answer 22

synthesis, “s” phase

Question 23

where dna replication occurs

Answer 23

nucleus

Question 24

dna doubling is

Answer 24

46 chromosomes –> 92 chromosomes

Question 25

what is the enzyme that unwinds dna strands

Answer 25

topoisomerase (helicase)

Question 26

enzyme that makes new dna from parent dna strand that acts as a template

Answer 26

dna polymerase

Question 27

what does mitosis do

Answer 27

split 92 chromosomes into two 46 chromosome daughter dna

Question 28

location of transcription

Answer 28

nucleolus

Question 29

what is the specificity of transcription

Answer 29

only segment of dna with specific region to be transcribe unwineds

Question 30

enzyme in transcription

Answer 30

rna polymerase

Question 31

what does rna polymerase do

Answer 31

binds to promoter site, make rna primer strand from dna template

Question 32

how many bases at a time is dna template read and what is it called

Answer 32

3 bases at a time | code

Question 33

process of termination sequence in transcription

Answer 33

polymerase and rna primer strand fall off dna | rewinds itself

Question 34

where does rna leave and go to

Answer 34

nucleus to the cytoplasm

Question 35

what are the rna properties

Answer 35

messenger rna ribosomal rna transfer rna

Question 36

what does mrna do

Answer 36

holds info to determine aa sequence

Question 37

what does rrna do

Answer 37

moves along mrna

Question 38

what does trna do

Answer 38

jumps on and off rrna carrying aa with it

Question 39

translation is what

Answer 39

protein synthesis

Question 40

what does mrna do in translation

Answer 40

binds to ribosome before translation can occur

Question 41

what are the codon in translation

Answer 41

3 bases of nucleotides in the mrna chain to code for aa

Question 42

what is the anticodon in translation

Answer 42

trna | has 3 bases that is complementary to specific codon

Question 43

what does adenine pair with in rna

Answer 43

uracil

Question 44

guanine pairs with what in rna

Answer 44

cytosine and rna

Question 45

what do trna anticodons bind to

Answer 45

mrna codon | brings aa to ribosome

Question 46

what does aa on trna do

Answer 46

forms peptide bond with aa on the trna

Question 47

what enzyme responsible for aa bond with trna

Answer 47

peptidyl transferase

Question 48

trna does what in translation

Answer 48

goes to ribosome to get another aa

Question 49

what attaches aa to trna

Answer 49

aminoacyl-trna synthase

Question 50

what are the start codons

Answer 50

AUG

Question 51

what are the 3 stop codons

Answer 51

UAA, UAG, UGA