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nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

vit K fnx

A

cofactor for y-carboxylation of glutamic acid residues on factors II, VII, IX, X, proteins C and S
synthesized by gut flora

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2
Q

vit K deficiency

A

neonatal hemorrhage w/increased PT and aPTT, normal BT

not in breast milk given to neonates

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3
Q

zinc fnx

A

mineral essential for activity of 100+ enzymes

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4
Q

zinc deficiency

A 
delayed wound healing
hypogonadism
decreased adult hair
dysgeusia
anosmia
acrodermatitis enteropathica
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5
Q

vit A fnx

A 
antioxidant
retinal
normal differentiation of epi -> specialized tissue
prevents squamous metaplasia
Tx measles and AML subtype M3
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6
Q

vit A deficiency

A 
night blindness (nyctalopia)
dry, scaley skin 
corneal degeneration
bitot spots
immunosuppression
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7
Q

acute vit A toxicity

A

nausea
vomiting
vertigo
blurred vision

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8
Q

chronic vit A toxicity

A 
alopecia
dry skin
hepatic toxicity and enlargemnt
arthralgia
psudotumor cerebri
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9
Q

vit A teratogen

A

cleft palate and cardiac abnormalities

cannot Tx acne w/isotretinoin w/o neg prego test

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10
Q

Vit B1 fnx

A 
thiamine
thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)-cofactor fo dehydrogenase enzyme rxns in TCA cycle and HMP shunt
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11
Q

Vit B1 is a cofactor for what enzymes

A

ATP
alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
Transketolase
pyruvate dehydrogenase

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12
Q

vit B1 deficiency

A

impaired glucose meta -> ATP depletion worsened by glucose infusion
Wernicke-Korsakoff
Ber1Ber1
increased RBC transketolase actictiy after B1 administration

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13
Q

Dry Ber1Ber1

A

polyneuritis

symmetrical mm wasting

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14
Q

wet Ber1Ber1

A

high-output cardiac failure (dilated cardiomyopathy)

edema

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15
Q

vit B2 fnx

A

riboflavin

component of flavins FAD and FMN used in redox rxns

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16
Q

vit B2 deficiency

A

riboflavin
2 C’s of B2
Cheilosis (inflammation of lips, scaling and fissures)
Corneal vascularization

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17
Q

vit B3 fnx

A

niacin
NAD and NADP used in redox rxns
used to TX dyslipedmia

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18
Q

vit B3 deficiency

A 
niacin
glossitits
pellagra: 3 D's of B3
diarrhea
dementia (and hallucinations)
dermatitis (C3/4 dermatome - broad collar rash and hyperpigmentation of sun-exposed areas)
can be d/t hartnup disease
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19
Q

excess vit B3

A 
niacin
facial flushing d/t prostaglandins, not histamine
coadmin aspirn
hyperglycemia
hyperuricemia
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20
Q

vit B5 fnx

Study These Flashcards
A

pantothenic acid

essential component of CoA and fatty synthase

21
Q

vit B5 deficiency

Study These Flashcards
A 
pentothenic acid 
dermatitis
enteritis
alopecia
adrenal insufficency
22
Q

vit B6 fnx

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A 
pyroxidine
converted to pyrdioxal phospate (PLP)- cofactor for transamination, decarboxylation, glycogen phosphorylase
needed for synthesis of:
-cystathionine
-heme
-niacin
-histamine
-NTs
23
Q

vit B6 deficeincy

Study These Flashcards
A 
pyroxidine
convulsions
hyperirritability
peripheral neuropathy
sideroblastic anemias
can be d/t isonizid and OCPs
24
Q

vit B7 fnx

Study These Flashcards
A

biotin

cofactor for carboxylation enzymes

25
vit B7 deficiency
``` biotin rare dermatitis alopecia enteritis can be d/t abx or excessive ingestion of raw egg whites ```
26
vitB9 fnx
folate converted to THF needed for pyrimadine synthesis small reserve in liver
27
vitB9deficiency
``` folate macrolytic, megaloblastic anemia hypersegmented neutros glosstits no neuro symptoms usually in alcoholics and prego supplement in prego to prevent neural tube defects ```
28
vitB9 deficiency labs
increased homocysteine normal methylmalonic acid levels increased MCV
29
drugs that cause vit B9 deficiency
phenytoin sulfonamides methotrexate
30
vit 12 fnx
cobalamin cofactor for homocysteine methyltransferase synthesized by microorganisms so only in animal products
31
vit B12 deficiency
cobalamin macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia hypersegmented neutros neuro symptoms
32
neuro path of vit B12 deficiency
cobalamin | abnormal myelin -> degeneration of DCMS, LCST, spinocerebellar tracts
33
vit B12 deficiency labs
cobalamin increased homocysteine AND methylmalonic acid increased MCV
34
causes vit B12 deficiency
``` cobalamin veganism malabsorption (sprue, enteriits, diphyllobothrium latum) lack of IF (pernicious anemia) absence of terminal ileum (Chrons) ```
35
vit C fnx
``` ascorbic acid antioxidant Fe absorption (reduces to Fe2+) hyroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen dopamine -> NE ```
36
vit C deficiency
ascorbic acid scurvy swollen gums, bruising, petechiae, hemarthrosis, anemia, poor wound healing perifollicular and subperiosteal hemorrhages corkscrew hari weakened immune response
37
excess vit C
ascorbic acid nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, Ca oxalate nephrolithiasis increased Fe toxicity in predisposed (transfusion, hemochromatosis)
38
vit D types
D2 ergocalciferol (from plants) D3 cholecalciferol (milk and sun exposure) 25-OH D3 (storage form) 1,25 (OH)2 D3/calcitriol (active form)
39
vit D fnxs
increased GI absorption of Ca and phosphate | increase bone mineralization
40
vit D deficiency
rickets in kids, osteomalacia in adults hypocalcemic tetany breast fed infants need supplementation
41
vit D excess
hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria loss of appetite stupor seen in granulomatous diseases d/t increased activation of vitD by epithelioid macros
42
vit E fnx
tocopherol/tocotrienol antioxidant (protects RBCs and membranes) can enhance anticoagulant effects of warfarin
43
vit E deficiency
hemolytic anemia acanthrocytosis mm weakness posterior column and spinocerebellar tract demylination
44
vit E vs vit B12 deficiency
presents w/similar neuro symptoms but vitE deficiency does NOT have megaloblastic anemia, hypersegmented neutrophils, or increased serum methylmalonic acid levels
45
kwashikors
``` protein malnutrition skin lesions edema fatty liver MEAL: malnutrition edema anemia liver fatty ```
46
marsamus
total calorie malnutrition tissue and mm wasting loss of subQ fat and variable edema
47
ethanol meta
``` zero order kinetics NAD limiting reagent d/t increased NADH/NAD ratio: -lactic acidosis -fasting hypoglycemia -hepatosteatosis -ketoacidosis -lipogenesis ```
48
fomepizole
inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase and antidote for methanol or ethylene glycol poisoing
49
disulfuram
inhibits acetaldehyde dehyrdogenase -> very sick

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