Nutrition

Question 1

What defines a late pre-term baby?

Answer 1

• 34-37 weeks

Question 2

What actions may be employed to keep a baby warm?

Answer 2

• skin to skin

- heated mattress

Question 3

How often would a pre-term baby be breastfed?

Answer 3

• every 3 hours

Question 4

What are the pros of breasting a premature baby?

Answer 4

• protection from infections
• hormones
• growth factors
• nutritents

Question 5

What are the benefits of skin to skin contact?

Answer 5

• reduces stress
• promotes healthy weight gain
• establishing breast feeding

Question 6

What are the 2 types of tube feeding used in a pre term baby?

Answer 6

• nasogastric

- orogastric

Question 7

What week of development is sucking and swallowing usually established?

Answer 7

• 32-34 weeks

Question 8

Benefits for the mother of breast feeding?

Answer 8

• reduced risk of breast and ovarian cancer

- reduced risk of T2DM

Question 9

What is the recommendation for vitamin D supplementation in a baby?

Answer 9

• birth to 1yr 8.5-10 micrograms of vitamin D supplementation for breast fed babies only

Question 10

When should vitamin D supplements be given to a newborn?

Answer 10

• formula milk more than 500ml a day

Question 11

How is the risk of HIV transmission reduced from mother to child?

Answer 11

• advise against breast feeding
• anti-retroviral treatment for mother and child
• caesarean section

Question 12

When is colostrum produced?

Answer 12

• mid-pregnancy to first few days post birth

Question 13

What is the composition of milk at the beginning of a fed?

Answer 13

• high in water
• high in sugar
• high in protein
• low in calories
• low in fat

Question 14

What hormone stimulates milk production?

Answer 14

• prolactin

- oxytocin

Question 15

How long can expressed milk be kept in fridge?

Answer 15

• 5 days

- 6months in freezer at -18

Question 16

What advise should be given to a mother with mastitis?

Answer 16

• advise to feed frequently and express milk between feeds

Question 17

What is the guidance of the volume of formula milk?

Answer 17

• 150ml/kg in 24hrs

Question 18

When weather is warm what should be offered to babies on formula milk?

Answer 18

• water

Question 19

What can formula milk be based on?

Answer 19

• cow
• goat
• soya

Question 20

What is the 2 different formulas

Answer 20

• whey dominant

- casein dominant

Question 21

What is the whey to casein ratio in type 1 formula?

Answer 21

• 60:40

Question 22

When is soy composed formula not recommend?

Answer 22

• first 6 months

Question 23

What is the 2 formats of formula milk?

Answer 23

• dried powder (non-sterile)

- sterile UHT liquid feed

Question 24

Water should be above what temperature when making a formula?

Answer 24

• above 70 degrees

Question 25

Explain lactogenesis 1?

Answer 25

• breast development and colostrum production from approx 16 weeks gestation

Question 26

What is lactogenesis 3?

Answer 26

• maintenance of milk production

Question 27

What is the benefit of colostrum?

Answer 27

• high levels of immunoglobulins particular lactoferrin

- anti-inflammatory

Question 28

Describe the epidemiological threshold for weight in children?

Answer 28

• BMI for age and gender
• above 85th centile = risk of overweight
• above 95th centile = risk of obesity

Question 29

Name a genetic condition that can result in childhood obesity

Answer 29

• prader willi syndrome

- bardet biedl syndrome

Question 30

What pharmacological agent can be used for childhood obesity?

Answer 30

• orlistat