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Flashcards in Nutrition & Cancer Deck (33)
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1
Q

What are the most prevalent cancers in men?

A

1) lung
2) prostate
3) colorectal

2
Q

What are the most prevalent cancers in women?

A

1) lung
2) breast
3) colorectal

3
Q

What are the potentially diet-related cancers?

A

1) colorectal
2) breast
3) prostate
4) lung
others. ..

4
Q

For what proportion of cancer deaths can nutrition be linked?

A

1/3 of deaths

5
Q

What are the most important factors to prevent cancer for non-smokers?

A

diet

physical activity

6
Q

What are the faults of epidemiological studies?

A

reduce cancer cause to a single entity

7
Q

What are the faults of randomized, controlled trials?

A

Right dose/length/food?

8
Q

What are the ACS recommendations?

A

1) 5+ fruit/veggies per day
2) whole grains
3) limit red, hi-fat, & processed meats
4) active, healthy weight
5) limit EtOH

9
Q

What was the conclusion of the China project?

A

plant-based diet for disease prevention

10
Q

What cancers can exercise decrease risk?

A

1) breast
2) colon
3) prostate
4) endometrial

11
Q

What body systems/components does regular exercise affect?

A

1) body weight
2) hormone regulation
3) immune system

12
Q

What are the ACS exercise recommendations?

A

1) adults: 30+ mins 5+ days/wk

2) kids: 60+ mins 5+ days/wk

13
Q

What proportion of overweight children continue to overweight adulthood?

A

70%

14
Q

What proportion of cancer mortality does obesity account for?

A

20%

15
Q

What are the ACS 2015 goals?

A

1) 50% decrease in age-adjusted cancer mortality rates
2) 25% decrease in incidence
3) decrease tobacco use
4) 75% of population eating recommended fruits/veggies
5) 70% of adults increase exercise

16
Q

What increases risk for colorectal cancer?

A

1) red, processed meat
2) EtOH
3) overweight

17
Q

What probably decreases risk for colorectal cancer?

A

garlic, calcium

18
Q

what might decrease risk for colorectal cancer?

A

fiber

19
Q

What foods are good sources of soluble fiber?

A

fruits, oats, beans, veggies

20
Q

What foods are good sources of insoluble fiber?

A

whole grains, cruciferous veggies, green beans, raisins, fruits

21
Q

What are the proposed mechanisms of fiber decreasing cancer risk?

A

1) dilution of carcinogens
2) binding of carcinogens
3) increased microbial growth –> fecal bulk

22
Q

What are the potential mechanisms of calcium decreasing risk for colonrectal cancer?

A

1) protection against mutagenic bile acids

2) promotion of crypt cell differentiation

23
Q

What is the recommended calcium intake for colorectal cancer prevention?

A

</= 2.5 g/day

aim for 500 - 1200mg

24
Q

What factors increase risk of breast cancer?

A

High EtOH combined with low folate

25
Q

What compounds are found in soy?

A

isoflavones

26
Q

How might isoflavones decrease risk of breast cancer?

A

similar to estrogen, can act as anti-estrogen

27
Q

What factors increase risk of prostate cancer?

A

1) Vit. E
2) high calcium intake (1 g)
3) dairy protein
4) red meat & saturated fats might

28
Q

What factors decrease risk for lung cancer?

A

fruits & veggies (beta-carotene)

29
Q

What is the correlation of beta-carotene to increased risk in lung cancer?

A

increased when combined with smoking

30
Q

What are the 2 forms of Vitamin A?

A

1) retinol – animals

2) provitamin A = beta-carotene: fruits & veggies

31
Q

What are the implications of alcohol regarding cancer?

A

increased risk of head, neck & liver cancers; worse when combined with tobacco

32
Q

What’s the general consensus on fruits/veggies regarding cancer?

A

they decrease risk, but not as vitamins & mineral supplements

33
Q

What are the implications of caffeine regarding cancer prevention?

A

none…but may heighten Sx of fibrocystic breast lumps