Obj. 2: Compare ANS vs Somatic Nervous System

Question 1

In what 3 ways does the ANS differ frm the somatic nervous system?

Answer 1

• Effectors
• Efferent pathways
• Target organ responses (based on neurotransmitter effects)

Question 2

How doe the effectors differ between the ANS and somatic nervous system?

Answer 2

• Effectors of the somatic nervous system are skeletal muscles
• Effectors of the ANS are cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands

Question 3

In which system are the effectors skeletal muscles?

Answer 3

In the somatic nervous system

Question 4

In which system are the effectors cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands?

Answer 4

In the ANS

Question 5

In which system are the efferent pathways thick, heavily myelinated axons (cranial nerves or spinal nerves) that extend from their CNS cell body to the effector muscle (single neuron chain)?

Answer 5

Somatic motor neurons

Question 6

In which system are efferent pathways axons in a two-neuron chain?

Answer 6

In the ANS

Question 7

describe the axon in the preganglionic (first) neuron of the ANS two-neuron chain

Answer 7

It is locatedin the CNS and has a lightly myelinated axon

Question 8

describe axon of the ganglionic (second) neuron in the ANS two-neuron chain

Answer 8

it is located outside the CNS and its unmyelinated post-ganglionic axon

extends to an effector organ

Question 9

Neurotransmitter effects: What do all somatic motor neurons release?

Answer 9

all somatic motor neurons release Acetylcholine (ACh)

Question 10

Neurotransmitter effects:

What is the effect of the release of Acetylcholine (ACh) at the neuromuscular junction?

Answer 10

The release of Acetylcholine (ACh) at the neuromuscular junction always has an

excitatory effect

Question 11

Neurotransmitter effects:

What preganglionic fibers release?

Answer 11

Preganglionic fibers release ACh

Question 12

Neurotransmitter effects:

What do postganglionic fibers release?

Answer 12

postganglionic fibers release norepinephrine (NE) (sympathetic) or ACh (parasympathetic)

Question 13

Neurotransmitter effects:

What is the effect of norepinephrine (NE) or ACh on postganglionic fibers in the ANS?

Answer 13

The effect of norepinephrine (NE) or ACh on postganglionic fibers is either

stimulatory or inhibitory

Question 14

Neurotransmitter effects:

ANS effect on the target organ is dependent upon what factors?

Answer 14

ANS effect on the target organ is dependent upon the neurotransmitter released

and the receptor type of the effector