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Intro to Pharmacology > OEQ-2023 > Flashcards

OEQ-2023 Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

Which of the following has visual side effects aggregated by dental light?

A

Gemfibrozil (Fibrate)

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2
Q

LovaSTATIN inhibits:

A

HMG-CoA reductase

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3
Q

What medications cause activation of antithrombin-III?

A

Enoxaparin & unfractioned heparin

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4
Q

Which medication is an antagonist of the protease activated receptor-1 inhibiting TRAP?

A

Vorapaxar (Zontivity)

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5
Q

Which medications can cause angioedema?

A

Sacubitril/Valsartan (Entestro)

-increased risk of angioedema when an ACE is used alongside an ARB

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6
Q

What receptor does losartan block?

A

AT1

(ARBs all block this)

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7
Q

ARB:

A

Angiotensin receptor blocker

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8
Q

What medication may increase triglycerides?

A

Colestipol

(Bile acid binding agent)

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9
Q

Which of the following would be considered a moderate intensity statin?

A

Atorvastatin 10mg

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10
Q

Riociguat can be classified in which group based on mechanism of action?

A

Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator

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11
Q

Which of the following medication classes may cause hyperuricemia?

A

ATP-citrate lyase (ACL) inhibitor (Bempedoic acid)

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12
Q

Which of the following medications can have injection site reactions?

A

Evolcumab (PSK9 inhibitor)

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13
Q

Which of the following medications can be given intravenously?

A
  1. Bivalirudin
  2. Cangelor
  3. Unfractioned heparin

(All of the above)

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14
Q

Eplerenone works by competitively blocking action of what hormone?

What other medication does this?

A

Aldosterone

Spironolactone

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15
Q

Which medication has a high risk for hyperkalemia?

A
  1. Sacubatril/Valsartan (Entresto)
  2. Spironolactone
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16
Q

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa is is involved in what step of thrombus formation?

A

Aggregation

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17
Q

Released by the kidneys; converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I:

A

Renin

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18
Q

Vasoconstriction & proliferative action; bound by ANG II:

A

Angiotensin Type 1 recepto (AT1)

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19
Q

What class is Captropril?
What is an adverse reaction?

A

ACE inhibitor; cough

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20
Q

What type of drug is minoxidil? How does it work? What is an adverse reaction?

A

-Direct acting vasodilator
-Opens K+ ATP channels
-Hair growth

DOES NOT CAUSE HYPERKALEMIA

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21
Q

What is the route of administration of Apixaban?

A

Oral agent; along with edoxabam & rivaroxaban

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22
Q

What is the route of administration of Treprostinil?

A

Oral; inhalation; IV; SubQ

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23
Q

Receptor that endothelin-1 binds to; causes vaso/bronchoconstriction; increases aldosterone secretion:

A

ETA

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24
Q

According to the world health organization what group is pulmonary arterial hypertension categorized in?

A

Group 1 (also called primary pulmonary hypertension)

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25
What is the mechanism of action of Nitrous Oxide?
Activates guanalyl cyclase & increases cGMP to cause vasodilation
26
What is the mechanism of action of Nitroprusside?
Increases intracellular nitric oxide concentration to cause smooth muscle relaxation
27
What is the mechanism of action of Felodipine?
Dihydropyridine calcium blocker; blocks L type calcium Chanels to LOWER intracellular calcium concentration & cause vasodilation; more selective in peripheral vasculature & more effective for treating hypertension
28
What is an adverse effect of spironolactone?
Aldosterone antagonist to decrease sodium resorption & decrease blood volume -hyperkalemia -man boobs -dry mouth
29
Slidenafil mechanism of action:
PDE5 inhibitor; causes vasodilation & also used to treat limp noodles
30
All drugs that end in "fil" such as Slidenafil work to inhibit ____ to cause ____
PDE5; vasodilation
31
What is the mechanism of action of Bosentan?
Endothelin-1 receptor antagonist (ETA) & decreases formation of IP3 to cause smooth muscle relaxation or vasodilation
32
All drugs that end in "tan" such as Bosentan are _____ antagonist and decrease formation of ______ to cause smooth muscle____ or _____
ETA receptor antagonist; IP3; relaxation or vasodilation
33
What is the mechanism of action of fenofibrate?
Agonist of PPAR-alpha nuclear receptor; increases transcription of lipoprotein lipase; decreases VLDL and triglyceride levels
34
What is the function of PPAR-alpha nuclear receptor?
Increases synthesis of lipoprotein lipase
35
Ezetimibe mechanism of action:
blocks cholesterol absorption by blocking NPC1L1 transport protein at enterocyte brush border
36
What is the first step in atherosclerosis?
1. Endothelial dysfunction
37
Regarding the steps of atherosclerosis: 1. ____ dysfunction 2. ____ injury 3. _____ deposits into vessel wall 4. formation of ____ 5. ____ formation 6. _____ 7. ____ formation
1. ENDOTHELIAL dysfunction 2. ENDOTHELIAL injury 3. LDL deposits into vessel wall 4. Formation of FOAM CELLS 5. FATTY STREAK formation 6. INFLAMMATION 7. FIBROUS CAP formation
38
Optimal level of LDL:
Less than 100 mg/dL
39
ASCVD info is used to estimate:
10 year risk for MI or stroke
40
Risk factors for atherosclerosis:
1. smoking 2. HTN 3. hyperlipedemia 4. diabetes 5. age 6. obesity 7. physical inactivity
41
What drugs have the most potent effect on LDL?
Statins (cannot use when pregnant)
42
PCSK-9 enzyme functions to:
promote the degradation of LDL receptors (makes LDL levels higher so we have meds that inhibit this enzyme)
43
Warfarin coagulation parameter:
Monitored using INR/PT
44
The 4 G's:
1. decreased platelet activation & aggregation 2. GP IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors (prevent platelet aggregation) 3. Eptifibatide & Tirofiban
45
Virchows triad:
1. stasis 2. vessel wall injury 3. hypercoaguability
46
Intrinsic pathways information:
all components are present in the blood
47
Intrinsic pathway is monitored by:
aPTT
48
Which are the vitamin K dependent clotting factors?
2,7,9,10
49
Aspirin mechanism of action:
COX 1 inhibitor
50
Heparin mechanism of action:
Activates antithrombin III to bind to both factor Xa and thrombin; measured with aPTT
51
Aminocaproic acid mechanism of action:
Blocks conversion of plasminogen to plasmin by tissue plasminogen activator (TPA)
52
P2Y12 inhibitor:
Prasurgal
53
Tadalafil mechanism of action:
PDE5 inhibitor (also Slidenafil)
54
Bempedoic acid mechanism of action:
ATP-citrate lyase (ACL) inhibitor
55
Anything that ends in "fil" is a:
PDE5 inhibitor (vascular smooth muscle reaction due to lowering intracellular calcium)
56
Drug class thats ends in "entan" works by:
Endothelian-1 receptor agonist
57
What is the reason behind ACE inhibitors causing cough?
Bradykinin buildup
58
What is responsible for platelet adhesion?
Vonwillebrand factor responsible for platelet adhesion
59
What are the three steps in thrombus formation?
1. platelet adhesion (VWF) 2. platelet activation (ADP, TXA2, Thrombin) 3. platelet aggregation (gp IIb/IIIa)
60
Left sided heart failure resulting in pulmonary hypertension puts a patient in the category:
Group 2
61
pulmonary arterial HTN (PAH)- PRIMARY pulmonary HTN, is categorized as:
Group 1
62
Pulmonary HTN due to LUNG DISEASE is categorized as:
Group 3
63
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary HTN (CETPH) is categorized as:
Group 4
64
Pulmonary HTN with UNCLEAR MECHANISM is categorized as:
Group 5
65
Primary = group 1 Hefty lefty = group 2 Diseased girlies= group 3 Chronic girlies = group 4 Unclear girlies = group 5
66
Apixaban/Edoxaban mechanism of action:
Bind factor Xa and precent conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
67
Warfarin/Coumadin adverse effects include:
1. taste disturbances 2. purple toes
68
Spironolactone mechanism of action:
Aldosterone antagonist
69
Prasugrel mechanism of action:
P2Y12 inhibitor- antiPlatelet medication
70
Medications that end/include "grel" are ____ medications that inhibit ____
antiplatelet medication; P2Y12 inhibitor
71
Tadalafil mechanism of action:
Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor (PDE5)
72
Medications that end in "fil" work by:
inhibiting phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5)
73
Bile acid binding agents effect on triglyceride levels:
Increase triglyceride levels while decreasing LDL levels
74
Apixaban and Edoxaban mechanism of action:
Factor Xa inhibitors (precent conversion of prothrombin to thrombin)
75
Adverse effect of statins:
Myopathy (also hepatotoxicity and this drug class is contraindicated in pregnancy)
76
What is the mechanism of action of aninocaproic acid? How is it administered?
Binds to plasminogen to inhibit plasmin activation; used as a mouthwash following dental surgery to prevent hemorrhage in patients taking oral anticoagulants; hemostatic agent
77
Amount of triglycerides in different molecules:
Chylomicrons have the highest, then VLDL, then LDL, then HDL
78
What is the mechanism of action of Slidenafil?
PDE5 inhibitor (as are other drugs that end in fil)
79
Treprostinil route of administration:
Oral, inhalation, IV, subQ
80
Virchow's triad includes:
1. Stasis 2. Vessel wall injury 3. Hypercoagulability
81
Vitamin K dependent clotting factors:
2, 7, 9, 10
82
How do we evaluate Warfarin?
INR/PT
83
Edoxaban mechanism of action:
Inhibits conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
84

Intro to Pharmacology (16 decks)

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