Old World numbers Flashcards
Rain, sun, altitude, vine density and yields
1
Q
Bierzo altitude
A
- Hillside 500-850m
- Surrounded by Sierra Cantabira
- High for Spain
1
Q
Rias Baixas rainfall
A
Extremely high 1,700mm
2
Q
General Spanish messeta altitude
A
600-900m
3
Q
Bordeaux rainfall
A
- Moderate at 950mm/year
- But rains throughout the growing season
4
Q
Bordeaux sunshine hours
A
2,100 hours
5
Q
Marlborough sunshine hours
A
2,500 hours
5
Q
Bordeaux vine density
A
- High quality at up to 10,000 vines/ha (1m in between)
- Generic Bordeaux 3-4,000 vines/ha
6
Q
La Mancha vine density
A
- Low for both bush and VSP
- Dry farmed bush at 1,000 vines/ha
- Drip irrigated VSP at 3,000 vines/ha
7
Q
Toro vine density
A
Low <3,000 vines/ha
Even lower with fewer bunches per vine due to lack of water
8
Q
Toro altitude
A
Mid for Spain at 600-750m
9
Q
Rioja area under vine
A
- Huge at 65,000 ha
- Up 50% compared to 1990
10
Q
Ribera del Duero altitude
A
High for Spain at 750-1,000m
11
Q
Ribera del Duero rainfall
A
- Low at 4-600mm/year
- Irrigation allowed
12
Q
Rias Baixas rainfall
A
- Extremely high at 1,700mm/year
- Free draining sandy gravel over granite helps
13
Q
Rueda rainfall
A
Low <500mm
14
Q
Rueda altitude
A
High for Spain at 7-800m
15
Q
Rioja length
A
“100km of diversity”
16
Q
Rioja Alta altitude
A
- High for Spain at 700m
- Similar to Alavesa
17
Q
Rioja Alavesa altitude
A
- High for Spain at 700m
- Similar to Alta
18
Q
Rioja Oriental altitude
A
- Varied between 500-1,000km
19
Q
Rioja latitude
A
42° N
20
Q
Rioja soil
A
- Calcareous clay for the two cool regions (Alta and Alavesa)
- Ferrous clay for Oriental
21
Q
Rioja rainfall
A
Sufficient at 700mm/year
22
Q
Aragon soil
A
- Free draining rocky soils
- Only low density bush vines can survive if not irrigated
23
Penedes altitude
Ranging from moderate for the Central plains (500m) to high for Superior (800m)
24
Penedes rainfall
Low at 500mm/year
25
Priorat rainfall
Low at 5-600mm/year
26
Priorat legal max yield
- 39hL/ha
- In reality, can be sub 10hL/ha
27
Priorat altitude
Varied from low of 100m to high of 750m
28
Monsant altitude
Varied from low of 100m to high of 770m
29
Costers del Segre rainfall
Low under 500mm/year
30
Valencia altitude
High for Spain at 700-1,100m
31
Valencia rainfall
Low at 450mm/year
32
Utiel-Requena altitude
High for Spain at 750m
33
Utiel-Requena rainfall
Low at 450mm/year
34
Alicante rainfall
- Extremely low at 250mm/year
- Marina sub-region closer to 500mm/year
35
Jumilla rainfall
Extremely low below 300mm/year
36
Jumilla altitude
Mid-high for Spain at 400-800m
37
Yecla altitude
High for Spain 500-900m
38
Yecla rainfall
Extremely low below 300mm/year
39
La Mancha altitude
Moderate for Spain 500-700m
40
La Mancha rainfall
- Low 300-400mm/year
- 40% vineyards irrigated
41
Vinho Verde rainfall
Extremely high at 1,500mm
Vines are usually trained up in Lyre system to mitigate the high humidity
42
Baixo Corgo rainfall
High at 900mm
43
Cima Corgo rainfall
Sufficient at 700mm
44
Douro Superior rainfall
Low at 450mm
45
Dao rainfall
- Relatively high with 1,600mm/yr in the west and 1,100mm/yr in the east
- Still Mediterranean
46
Dao altitude
- Moderate for Portugal at 400-500m
- With some pockets on Serra da Estrela subregion reaching 900m
47
Bairrada rainfall
High at 800-1,200mm
48
Alentejo rainfall
- Sufficient with variation of north at 800mm/yr and south 500mm
- Drip irrigation is common
49
Alentejo altitude
- Low in the plains
- High for the mountainside at 800m - Alto Alentejo
50
France wine region latitude
42-49°N
51
Bordeaux latitude
45°N
52
Bordeaux area under vine
111,000 ha (2x Rioja, almost 20x of Canada)
53
Sauternes and Barsac max yield
25hL/ha
54
Bordeaux AOC max yield
White 67hL/ha
Red 60hL/ha
Rosé 62hL/ha
55
Bordeaux Superieur AOC max yield
59hL/ha for reds
56
Medoc AOC max yield
55hL/ha; red ONLY
57
Haut-Medoc AOC max yield
55hL/ha; red ONLY
58
Left Bank commune max yield
(Pauillac, Saint-Julien, Margaux, Saint-Estephe)
57hL/ha
59
Graves max yield
White 58 hL/ha
Red 55hL/ha
60
Pessac-Leognan AOC max yield
54 hL/ha for both red and white
61
Entre-deux-Mers AOC max yield
65 hL/ha, white ONLY
62
Saint-Emilion AOC max yield
(including satellites Montagne and Lussac)
53 hL/ha
63
Saint-Emilion Grand Cru AOC max yield
46 hL/ha
64
Pomerol AOC max yield
49hL/ha
65
Cotes de Beaux max yield
White 55hL/ha
Red 52hL/ha
66
Chablis area under vine
5,800 ha
67
Chablis rainfall
Sufficient at 700mm
68
Petit Chablis max yield
60 hL/ha, same as Chablis AOC
69
Chablis max yield
60 hL/ha, same as Petit Chablis AOC
70
Chablis Premier Cru max yield
58 hL/ha
71
Chablis Grand Cru max yield
54 hL/ha
72
Cote d'Or rainfall
Sufficient at 700mm
73
Cote d'Or latitude
47°N
74
Cote d'Or vine density
8,000-10,000 vines/ha
75
Burgundy regional appellations max yield
White 75 hL/ha
Red 69 hL/ha
76
Burgundy village level max yield
Including Premier Crus
White 45-47 hL/ha
Red 40-45 hL/ha
77
Burgundy Grands Crus max yield
White 40 hL/ha
Red 35 hL/ha
78
Number of Burgundy Grands Crus
33
79
Number of Burgundy Premier Crus
640
80
Beaujolais altitude
200-500m
81
Rhone sunshine hours
High at 2,700 hours/year!
82
Burgundy high altitude
- 400m at most
- Most Grand Crus at 100-250m
83
Beaujolais high altitude
450m, eg. Cote de Py
84
Alsace high altitude
- 400m at most
- Most Grand Crus at 200-250m
85
Alsace AOC max yield
- Varietally differentiated
- Pinot Blanc 100 hL/ha
- Riesling 90 hL/ha
- Pinot Gris & Gewurztraminer 80 hL/ha
- Pinot Noir 60 hL/ha
86
Alsace + commune max yield
72 hL/ha
87
Alsace + lieu-dit max yield
eg. Bergheim
68 hL/ha
88
Alsace Grand Cru max yield
50-55 hL/ha
89
Muscadet AOC max yield
70 hL/ha (2020 onward)
90
Other Muscadet appellations, communaux and sur lie yield
55 hL/ha
91
Muscadet Serve et Maine and communaux yield
eg. Clisson, Gorges, Le Pallet
45 hL/ha
92
Loire rainfall by section
- Nantais - 900mm
- Anjour-Saumur & Touraine - 700 mm
- Central Vineyards - 750 mm
93
Savennieres AOC max yield
- 50 hL/ha
- Lower at 30 hL/ha for subregion La Roche aux Moines and Coulee de Serrant
94
Max yield level for average Anjou-Saumur appellations
- 60+ hL/ha
- Same for Rosé d'Anjou (65) and Cabernets d'Anjou (60)
95
Vouvray AOC max yield
52 hL/ha
96
Rhone area under vine
- 70,000 ha
- Southern 66,000 ha
- Northern 4,000 ha
97
Northern Rhone cru vine density
- 10,000 vines/ha
98
Northern Rhone cru max yield range
40-45 hL/ha, including Condrieu, white Hermitage and Saint-Peray
99
Southern Rhone max yield ranges
- Cotes du Rhone AOC - 51 hL/ha (white and red)
- Cotes du Rhone Villages AOC - 44 hL/ha
- Cotes du Rhone Villages + named village - 41 hL/ha
- Lower for the top crus < 40 hL/ha (eg. Châteauneuf-du-Pape 36-38 hL/ha)
- Higher for the lesser crus <60 hL/ha (eg. Ventoux, Luberon)
100
Rhone altitude range
50-600m
High alt crus including Gigondas (~600m), Vacqueyras (~440m), Ventoux (~450m) and Vinsobres (200-500m)
101
Languedoc-Roussillon area under vine
- 240,000 ha
- More than Chile, Australia or South Africa as individual countries
102
Languedoc rainfall
Lower but sufficient at 600mm/year
103
% Languedoc's wine labelled as IGP
70% allowing 58 grape varieties
104
IGP Pays d'Oc max yield
- 90 hL/ha for white and red
- 100 hL/ha for rosé
105
Languedoc altitude range
50-400m, hillsides are getting reclaimed by quality-minded producer
106
Max % of white varieties in Provence rosé
Up to 20%
107
Provence rosé fruits chilled to °C before pressing
4°C to avoid oxidation and browning of colour
108
Châteauneuf-du-Pape max yield
36-38 hL/ha, but the reality is more like 30 hL/ha
109
Bandol max yield
40 hL/ha
110
Cahors rainfall
700mm/year, still very much influenced by the Atlantic
111
Cahors altitude
Plateau up to 350m
112
Madiran rainfall
High at 1,000mm
113
Jurancon rainfall
High at 1,200mm, that's why thick-skin varieties like the Mansengs shine
114
Jurancon altitude
300m at the foothills of the Pyrenees
115
Jurancon max yield
Jurancon Sec - 60 hL/ha
Jurancon - 40 hL/ha, at least 40g/L RS
Jurancon Vendanges Tardives - 40 hL/ha, at least 55g/L RS
116
Germany area under vine
About 100,000 ha, slightly smaller than Bordeaux
117
Austria rainfall ranges
Low to sufficient at 450-850mm, driest being Wachau and wettest Steiermark
118
Austria max yield
- Legally 67.5 hL/ha
- Five year average around 49 hL/ha
119
Wachau rainfall
Low at 450mm/year
120
General annual rainfall ranges (7)
1. Very high - 1,200mm+
2. High - 900-1,200mm
3. Moderate - 700-900mm
4. Sufficient - 500-700mm
6. Low - 300-500mm
7. Very low - <300mm
121
Weinviertel rainfall
Sufficient at 400-600mm
122
Tokaj vine density
- Low density at 4,000-5,000 vines/ha trained VSP
- Older plots are high at 10,000 vines/ha
123
Tokaji actual yields
- Dry whites 30-40 hL/ha
- Aszu 2-3 hL/ha
124
Tokaj rainfall
- Sufficient at 500-600 mm/year, half falling during the growing season
- Soft bedrock encourages vines to root deep to find water as well
- No irrigation allowed
125
Tokaj latitude
48°N *but* moderate continental thanks to protective Zemplen Mountains and warm Pannonian winds
126
Austria wine regions latitude
47-49°N
127
Maceration time of Aszu berries
12-60 hours
128
Maceration time for Tavel and Lirac rosés
24-48 hours
129
RS levels of Tokaji styles (6)
In ascending order:
1. Dry - 0-6g/L
2. Szamorodni dry - 0-6g/L
3. Szamorodni sweet - 45g/L min, reality 90-110g/L
4. Late harvest - 45g/L min, reality 90-110g/L
5. Aszu - 120 g/L min, equivalent of five puttonyos
6. Escenzia - 450 g/L min
130
Greece wine regions altitude range
400-700m
131
Greece wine regions latitude
34-42°N
132
Greece all region rainfall
Sufficient at 650-700mm
133
Naoussa altitude
Moderate for Greece at 150-400m
134
Amynteo altitude
- High for Greece at 600-750m
- Fully exposed to northerly winds
- Resulting in a more floral but more taninic style of Xinomavro
135
Nemea altitude by zones (3)
1. Low at 230-400m - good for high quality sweets
2. Mid at 450-650m - good for high quality reds
3. High at 650-1,000m - good for rosés
136
Santorini rainfall
Extremely low at 350mm/year
137
Santorini max and actual yields
60 hL/ha legall but in reality 15 hL/ha
138
Santorini vine density
Low basket vines at 2,500 vines/ha
139
Italian latitude
35-47°N
140
Alto-Adige altitude
300-700m
141
Number of sunshine days in Alto-Adige
300+ days
142
Alto-Adige max yield
90 hL/ha
143
Trentino max yield
100 hL/ha
144
Valpolicella DOC max yield
84 hL/ha
145
Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG max yield
48 hL/ha
146
Recioto della Valpolicella DOCG max yield
48 hL/ha
147
Recioto della Valpolicella DOCG minimum drying time
100-120 days
148
Valpolicella rainfall
High at 900-1,100mm/year
149
Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG min alc
14% abv
150
Amarone della Valpolicella DOCG usual RS
5-9 g/L, maximum at 9 g/L
151
Pinot Grigio delle Venezie DOC max yield
126 hL/ha
152
Bardolino DOC max yield
91 hL/ha
153
Piedmont rainfall
High at 1,200mm/year with some falling during harvest months (Sept and Oct)
154
Piedmont altitude range
100-400m
155
Barolo area under vine
2,000 ha and growing
156
Barolo DOCG max yield
56 hL/ha, same as Barbaresco
157
Barbaresco DOCG max yield
56 hL/ha, same as Barolo
158
Traditional vs contemporary skin maceration times for Nebbiolo
- Traditional 3-4 months on skin -> 5-8 years in old wood
- Contemporary 3-4 weeks on skin (top qual) -> 3-5 years in old wood
159
Barbaresco area under vine
1,200 ha, just 60% of that of Barolo
160
Barbera d'Asti DOCG max yield
63 hL/ha
161
Nizza DOCG max yield
49 hL/ha
162
Piemonte DOC max yield
84 hL/ha for Barbera, 77 hL/ha for Dolcetto
163
Dolcetto d'Alba DOC max yield
63 hL/ha
164
Gavi DOCG max yield
67 hL/ha
165
Gavi DOCG Reserva max yield
45 hL/ha
166
Roero Arneis DOCG max yield
70 hL/ha
167
Chianti traditional vs contemporary skin maceration time
- Traditional: 30 days leading to 3-4 years ageing to soften tannins
- Contemporary: 7-10 days for early drinking; 15-25 days for high quality wines
168
Tuscany altitude range
- Up to 500m (Classico)
- Anything below 300m is considered low
169
Chianti DOCG max yield
63 hL/ha
170
Chianti subzones max yield
(Rufina, Colli Senesi etc)
56 hL/ha
171
Chianti Rufina DOCG altitude
350m
172
Chianti Classico DOCG altitude
200-500m
173
Chianti Classico DOCG max yield
52.5 hL/ha
174
Chianti Classico DOCG minimum Sangiovese percentage
80 before 2023 revision; 90% now
175
Brunello di Montalcino distance from the Mediterranean Sea
40km
176
Brunello di Montalcino max yield
54 hL/ha
177
Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG max yield
56 hL/ha, similar to Brunello and Chianti Classico
178
Morellino de Sacansano DOCG max yield
63 hL/ha, similar to Chianti DOCG
179
Tuscany sunlight hours
2,500 hours, similar to Marlborough
180
Tuscany latitude
43°N
181
Bolgheri DOC altitude
- Oldest vineyards at high altitude around 400m
- Now lower altitude also planted, benefiting from the same cooling sea breezes
182
Bolgheri DOC vine density
6,000 vines/ha, lower than Bordeaux top vineyards' 10k
183
Tuscany rainfall
900mm/year, slightly lower than Bordeaux but mostly in the off seasons
184
Bolgheri Rosso Superiore max yield
56 hL/ha
185
Bolgheri Rosso max yield
63 hL/ha
186
Maremma DOC max yield
77 hL/ha
187
Aglianico del Vulture DOC max yield
70 hL/ha
188
Aglianico del Vulture DOC rainfall
Lower end of sufficient 550mm/year; vines get water from the limestone clay during summer drought
189
Aglianico del Vulture DOC altitude
Up to 600m
190
Aglianico del Vulture Superiore DOCG max yield
52 hL/ha
191
Aglianico del Vulture DOC max yield
70 hL/ha
192
Puglia rainfall
Sufficient at 600mm/year max
