OME - Dementia Flashcards
(26 cards)
DDx memory loss?
- Dementia
- Amnesia
- Delirium
Presentation dementia?
- Cognitive impairment - loss ADLs / executive function
- Memory Loss
- Slow onset: chronic course
Presentation amnesia?
- No cognitive impairment
2. Only Memory loss
Presentation delirium?
- Cognitive impairment
- Memory Loss
- Rapid onset: waxes and wanes
Score on MMSE indicative of dementia / cognitive impairment?
Less than 22
What is mild cognitive impairment?
- MMSE positive for impairment
2. ADLs / executive function not impacted
Reversible imitators of dementia? Test to rule out?
- Hypothyroidism: TSH / T4
- BMP: Cr/BUN
- Cirrhosis: LFTs:
- B12
- Depression
- Syphilis
Preferred imaging in Dementia?
CT
Most common for dementia?
Alzheimer’s disease
Pathology Alzheimer’s?
Plaques and tangles
Associated with chromosome 21
Presentation Alzheimer’s?
- ST memory goes first, then LT
- Elderly, slow onset
- Usually spares social graces
CT alzheimers?
Diffuse cortical atrophy
Rx Alzheimer’s?
- Supportive care
2. Family education
Presentation Frontotemporal degeneration?
“Pick’s Disease”
- Personality Goes first: NO FILTER
- Memory retained at first
- Hypersexual
- Hyper Aggressive
Imaging Picks?
Frontotemporal degeneration
Presentation Lewy body dementia?
- Parkinsonian symptoms - only a few symptoms
- Dementia - predominates
- Visual hallucinations
MRI with loss of substantia nigra and dementia?
Picks disease
Presentation Vascular dementia?
- Stepwise decline with each stroke with each stroke
2. Alzheimer
Difference in vascular dementia and alzheimer’s?
- Alzheimer’s is a gradual decline
- Vascular is a step down with each stroke
Pathology CJD?
Prions / undercooked meat / mad cow
- Most often from a sporadic mutation
Presentation CJD?
- Extremely young dementia
2. MYOCLONUS
Diagnosis CJD?
MRI
Prognosis CJD?
Usually die in six months
Pathology NPH?
- Increased ICP
