Onco: Prevention and Screening

Question 1

6 components of education and healthful habits for cancer prevention

Answer 1

SPEDS

1. Smoking Cessation
2. Physical Activity
3. Energy Balance
4. Diet
5. Sun Avoidance

Question 2

True about smoking cessation in cancer prevention EXCEPT

a. Tobacco smoking is a strong modifiable risk factor for cancer
b. smokers have a 50% lifetime risk of dying prematurely from a tobacco related cancer, CV, pulmo disease
c. Cancer of the esophagus is tobacco related
d. Light and low tar cigarettes are not safer

Answer 2

B; 1 in 3 chance of dying from tobacco related disease

Question 3

Give 9 tobacco related cancers

Answer 3

LOL CP BEKS

Lung
oropharynx
larynx

colon
pancreas

bladder
esophagus
stomach
kidney

Question 4

Those who stop smoking have a _____ lower 10-year lung cancer mortality rate compared to those who continue smoking.

Answer 4

30 to 50%

Question 5

Smoking one or two cigars daily increase risk for oral and esophageal cancers by: ____

Answer 5

two times as much

Question 6

Smoking three or four cigars daily increases risk for oral cancers more than ________

Answer 6

eightfold

Question 7

Smoking three or four cigars daily increases risk for esophageal cancers more than ________

Answer 7

fourfold

Question 8

What type of cancer is linked to carcinogens dissolved in saliva and swallowed?

Answer 8

Esophageal

Question 9

Physical activity is associated with decreased risk in what types of cancer?

Answer 9

Breast and colon

Question 10

Diets high in fat are associated with increased risk for cancers of the (4)

Answer 10

Breast
Colon
Prostate
Endometrium

Question 11

T/F Dietary fat can cause cancer

Answer 11

F; this has not yet been proven

Question 12

In observational studies, dietary fiber is associated with reduced risk of _______ and ______

Answer 12

colonic polyps, and invasive cancer of the colon; but not proven in clinical trial

Question 13

BMI beyond which risk of certain cancers appear to increase

Answer 13

25 kg/m2

Question 14

Cancers with linear association with increased BMI

Answer 14

GK CULT

gallbladder
kidney
cervix
uterus
leukemia
thyroid

Question 15

Non linear positive associations BMI and what type of cancers?

Answer 15

COLP

colon
ovarian
liver
postmenopausal breast CA

Question 16

High BMI have an inverse association with what type of cancers?

Answer 16

Prostate and premenopausal breast cancer

Question 17

Risk factors for melanoma (3)

Answer 17

SAB

sunburn propensity
atypical nevi
bening melanocytic nevi, large numbers of

Question 18

T/F

Non melanoma skin cancers (basal and squamous cell) are induced by cumulative exposure to UV radiation

Answer 18

T

Question 19

T/F

Intermittent sun exposure and sun damage have been consistently linked to melanoma

Answer 19

F

Question 20

3 goals of cancer chemoprevention

Answer 20

1. reverse
2. suppress
3. prevent

carcinogenesis

Question 21

Chemoprevention for upper aerodigestive tract cancer

Answer 21

smoking cessation
HPV vaccine

B carotene supplementation (though this is not proven)

Question 22

Chemoprevention for colon cancer

Answer 22

NSAIDs, COX-2 Inhibitors, calcium

Question 23

Chemoprevention for breast cancer

Answer 23

Tamoxifen, Raloxifene, Aromatase Inhibitor

Question 24

Tamoxifen prevent breast cancer but increases risk for what cancer?

Answer 24

Endometrial CA

Question 25

Effect of tamoxifen on bones

Answer 25

reduced bone fractures

Question 26

Chemoprevention for breast CA that does not increase risk for endometrial CA

Answer 26

Raloxifene

Question 27

Chemoprevention for Prostate CA

Answer 27

Finasteride | Dutasteride

Question 28

Finasteride and Dutasteride are under what class of drugs?

Answer 28

5 alpha reductase inhibitors

Question 29

Primary prevention for cervical cancer

Answer 29

Safe sex | HPV vaccination

Question 30

Smoking cessation/no smoking, primary prevention for

Answer 30

CA of mout, lung, oral, esophagus, bladder, pancreas, cervix

Question 31

no moldy food no vinyl chloride workplace and hep B vaccination Primary prevention for

Answer 31

liver cancer

Question 32

no asbestos in workplace prevents

Answer 32

lung cancer

Question 33

high dietary fruits and veggies protect against which cancers?

Answer 33

colorectal gastric esophagus

Question 34

Surgical prevention for cancer

Answer 34

bilateral mastectomy | bilateral salpingo oophorectomy

Question 35

HPV strains causing genital papillomas

Answer 35

HPV 6 and 11

Question 36

Main HPV strains responsible for >70% of cervical cancer worldwide

Answer 36

HPV 16, 18

Question 37

Relative risk reductions of prophylactic oophorectomy for prevention of breast cancer in women with genetic mutations

Answer 37

50%

Question 38

Relative risk reductions of prophylactic oophorectomy for prevention prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy and a reduced incidence of ovarian or primary peritoneal cancer

Answer 38

36%

Question 39

reduction in breast cancer risk in moderate-risk women when compared to expected rates, after prophylactic mastectomy

Answer 39

100%

Question 40

Screening can potentially reduce disease-specific deaths and has been shown to do so in which types of cancers? (4)

Answer 40

cervical colon lung breast

Question 41

AS UPSTF guidelines, women aged _____ years should have mammography every 2 years

Answer 41

50-74 years

Question 42

UPSTF recommendation for MRI as screening for breast CA

Answer 42

insufficient evidence

Question 43

ACS guidelines for mammography: women aged _____ should be screened annually

Answer 43

45-54 years

Question 44

UPSTF Recommendations for pap test in cervical cancer prevention women 21-65 years screen every ______

Answer 44

3 years