Ophthalmology

Question 1

S/E of Pan retinal photocoagulation:

Answer 1

Decrease in night vision(Reduced rod cell function)

Question 2

MOA of B blockers in Open angle glaucoma:

Answer 2

Decrease aqueous humour production.

Question 3

Differentiate Uveitis and angle closure glaucoma :

Answer 3

Uveitis— Fixed small pupils

Angle closure glaucoma— Semi dilated pupils + Redness + painful eye.

Question 4

What is ass with Holmes adie pupil ?

Answer 4

Absent leg reflexes.

Question 5

Pupils in Holmes adie pupil ?

Answer 5

Holmes= Huge eyes= Dilated pupils.

Question 6

Absent leg reflexes+ left pupil is small , right pupil is larger + Loss of light reflexes in right eye. Dx?

Answer 6

Right Holmes adie pupil defect.

Question 7

Vitamin A rare side effect:

Answer 7

Papilloedema

Question 8

Papillodema rare side effect :

Answer 8

Vitamin A toxicity

Question 9

Pain + Redness+ Blurry vision + Photophobia+ fixed oval pupils + cilliary Flush. Dx

Answer 9

Anterior Uveitis

Question 10

Anterior Uveitis

Answer 10

Pain + Redness+ Blurry vision + Photophobia+ fixed oval pupils + cilliary Flush.

Question 11

Drugs causing Angle Closure Glaucoma :

Answer 11

Anticholinergics and Tricylic Antidepressants. ( Amitryptiline)

Question 12

Amitryptiline can precipitate which eye problem ?

Answer 12

Angle closure Glaucoma.

Question 13

Hypopyon + Normal pupillary reaction ?

Answer 13

Keratitis.

Question 14

Differentiate keratitis and uveitis :

Answer 14

Keratitis— Hypopyon + Normal pupillary reaction.

Uveitis— Hypopyon + Sluggish pupillary reaction.

Question 15

Heterochromia is associated with ?

Answer 15

Horner syndrome

Question 16

right and left pupils dilate when light is shone into the right eye. Lesion ?

Answer 16

Right RAPD

Dilated Eye= Defected Eye.

Question 17

Pre ganglion horner syndrome causes ?

Answer 17

Pancoast Tumour

Question 18

Pre ganglion Horner’s symptoms :

Answer 18

Ptosis + Miosis + Anhydrosis—only in face

Question 19

Central Horner’s syndrome symptoms :

Answer 19

Ptosis + Miosis + Anhydrosis—arms and trunks.

Question 20

Post ganglion Horner’s symptoms :

Answer 20

Ptosis + Miosis + Anhydrosis—Absent.

Question 21

Central Horner’s causes:

Answer 21

C=S= Stroke, Synrigomyelia.

Question 22

Post ganglion Horner’s causes :

Answer 22

Carotid artery dissection

Question 23

Blepharitis R:

Answer 23

Hot compresses + Mechanical removal of eyelids.

Question 24

Acute angle Closure Glaucoma Rx:

Answer 24

Pilocarpine( Constricts pupil—Increase Drainage) + IV Acetazolamide( Decreases Aqueous Humour production )

Question 25

Open angle glaucoma is associated with Hypermetropia or myopia ?

Answer 25

Ass with Myopia.

Question 26

Flashes and Floaters is ass with :

Answer 26

Viterous/ Retinal Detachment.

Question 27

Loss of vision—starts at edges—progresses to centre + Flashes/Floaters. Dx:

Answer 27

Retinal detachment

Question 28

Strongest Risk Factor for Macular Degeneration.

Answer 28

Smoking.

Question 29

Family History + Night blindness + Tunnel Vision. Dx:

Answer 29

Retinitis pigmentosa.

Question 30

Retinitis pigmentosa

Answer 30

Family History + Night blindness + Tunnel Vision. Dx:

Question 31

HTN Retinopathy staging :

Answer 31

1- Av narrowing 2- AV nipping 3- cotton wool spots Flam and blot Haemorhage 4- Papiloedma

Question 32

Retinitis pigmentosa is associated with which condition ?

Answer 32

Alport syndrome.

Question 33

Neovascularisation in Diabetes patient Rx:

Answer 33

Laser therapy.

Question 34

Dry age macular degeneration Rx:

Answer 34

No treatment available

Question 35

Tunnel vision Mnemonic :

Answer 35

CHOP your way into Ganga River Choriodoretinitis Hysteria Optic atrophy due to Tabes Dorsalis Papillodema Glaucoma Retinitis pigmentosa.

Question 36

Pupil in Argyll Robertson pupil ?

Answer 36

Small irregular pupils

Question 37

Weiss Ring is seen in :

Answer 37

Post viterous detachment.

Question 38

Following panretinal laser photocoagulation up to 50% of patients have a :

Answer 38

noticeable reduction in their visual field.

Question 39

Latanoprost is a prostaglandin analog

Answer 39

Increased Uveoscleral outflow.

Question 40

There is pain in eye movement, with a relative afferent pupillary defect and central scotoma. Which defect will be associated with?

Answer 40

Diagnosis: Optic neuritis Poor discrimination of colours ( Red Desaturation)

Question 41

Suspected Orbital Cellulitis. Next step ?

Answer 41

IV antibiotics + Admit in the hospital

Question 42

Latanaprost MOA :

Answer 42

Increases Uveosceral outflow.

Question 43

Bevacizumab MOA:

Answer 43

Inhibits vascular endothelial growth factors.

Question 44

Decrease in vision over hours/days + pain worse on eye movement + Poor discrimination of colours + Central scotoma + RAPD.

Answer 44

Optic neuritis.

Question 45

Visual field defect in optic neuritis ?

Answer 45

Central scotoma

Question 46

Holmes adie is U/L or B/L ?

Answer 46

Majority are U/l

Question 47

Persistent watering of eyes+ Erythema and swelling of inner canthus. Dx?

Answer 47

Dacryocystitis

Question 48

First line Rx in open angle glaucoma ?

Answer 48

Prostaglandins analogues ( Latanoprost )

Question 49

Herpes zoster opthalmicus Rx:

Answer 49

Oral Acyclovir

Question 50

Most common manifestation in RA :

Answer 50

Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca

Question 51

sudden painless loss of vision + severe retinal haemorrhages on fundoscopy

Answer 51

Central retinal vein occlusion

Question 52

Dorzolamide Is :

Answer 52

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor

Question 53

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor MOA:

Answer 53

Decreases production of Aqueous Humour

Question 54

Amorousis Fugax first line Rx:

Answer 54

Aspirin 300 MG

Question 55

history of Paget's disease is noted to have irregular dark red lines radiating from the optic nerve. What is the likely diagnosis?

Answer 55

Angiod retinal streaks.

Question 56

when the light is shone in the right eye both pupils constrict but when the light source immediately moves to the left eye both eyes appear to dilate.

Answer 56

Left Optic neuritis( RAPD)

Question 57

Herpes simplex keratitis Rx:

Answer 57

Topical acyclovir

Question 58

Herpes simplex keratitis flouroscein ?

Answer 58

Dendritic pattern

Question 59

Painless loss of vision + Fundoscopy—red spot

Answer 59

CRAO

Question 60

Mydriasis + Now—pain in eye + Decreased vision. Dx:

Answer 60

Angle closure Glaucoma

Question 61

Which macular degeneration carries the worst prognosis ?

Answer 61

Wet macular degeneration

Question 62

contraindication of the prescription of such supplements in macular degeneration ?

Answer 62

Smoking.

Question 63

Funny spots + Flashes and Floaters in vision ?

Answer 63

Posterior viterous detachment.

Question 64

sign which is strongly predictive for ocular involvement in herpes zoster opthalmicus ?

Answer 64

Hutchinson sign ( Presence of the rash on tip of the nose )

Question 65

Age related macular degeneration is suspected. Which is the next investigation ?

Answer 65

Flouroscien angiography—to check extent of neovascularisation.

Question 66

Retinitis Pigmentosa fundoscopy findings:

Answer 66

black bone spicule-shaped pigmentation in the peripheral retina