OPHTHO PASSMED Flashcards
(25 cards)
Investigation for optic neuritis?
MRI with gadolinium contrast
A painful red eye exacerbated by eye movements in a patient with a history of rheumatoid arthritis?
Scleritis
4 day history of decreased unilateral visual acuity and unilateral change in colour vision. What condition?
Optic neuritis.
Colour vision affected
Treatment for anterior uveitis?
Steroid + cycloplegic (mydriatic) eye drops
Diabetes + changes to vision
Moderate non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy
(In mild non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, vision rarely changes)
Blurred vision, 75 year old otherwise fit and well
Age-related macular degeneration
Diabetes, worsening vision
Proliferative retinopathy
(retinal neovascularisation - may lead to vitrous haemorrhage)
Decreasing vision over months with metamorphopsia (shape of objects appears distorted) and central scotoma (central loss of vision)
Wet ARMD
What is Hutchinson’s sign?
Rash on tip of nose showing shingles affecting the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve
Treatment for herpes simplex keratitis?
Topical aciclovir
What specific feature makes this stage 4 hypertensive retinopathy?
Optic nerve head is swollen.
Other features also present in stage 3 are cotton-wool spots and flame and blot haemorrhages which may collect around the fovea resulting in a ‘macular star’
Hyper/hypocalcaemia.
Which causes cataract formation?
Hypocalcaemia
Dark floaters in vision for the last few weeks, followed by sudden loss of vision
(Patient has diabetes)
Vitreous haemorrhage
(Proliferative diabetic retinopathy can cause vitreous haemorrhage and retinal detachment. Retinal detachment happens more gradually with a ‘curtain coming down’)
Optic disc cupping with cup-to-disc ratio of >0.7
Primary open-angle glaucoma
Is neovascularisation seen in pre-prolieferative retinopathy?
No.
Only seen in proliferative retinopathy.
Extremely painful and deep red injected eye, history of SLE
Scleritis
Young woman, high BMI, headache and visual symptoms
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Main cause of flashes and floaters
Posterior vitreous detachment
Posterior vitreous detachment can lead to….
Retinal detachment
Treatment for suspected orbital cellulitis =
Intravenous cefotaxime or clindamycin
Acute angle-closure glaucoma treatment
IV acetazolamide + eye drops
Firm painless lump in the eyelid
Meibomian cyst (a.k.a. chalazion)
Most common cause of bacterial keratitis in contact lens wearers?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Action of latanoprost in glaucoma?
Increases uveoscleral outflow
