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Flashcards in Ophthomology 1 Deck (18)
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0
Q

Patient presents with red itchy eyes with discharge. Pupils normal – suspected diagnosis? Most accurate test? Best initial therapy?

A

Conjunctivitis

Clinical diagnosis (no testing necessary)

Topical antibiotics

1
Q

Viral versus bacterial conjunctivitis –

  1. # of eyes?
  2. Type of discharge?
  3. Transmissibility?
  4. Vision?
  5. Pruritic?
  6. Adenopathy?
  7. Treatment?
A
  1. Both versus unilateral
  2. Watery versus thick, purulent
  3. Easily versus poorly transmissible
  4. Normal in both
  5. Itchy versus not itchy
  6. Preauricular versus none
  7. None versus topical antibiotics
2
Q

Patient presents with red eyes and photophobia. History of autoimmune disease. Suspected diagnosis? Most accurate test? Best initial therapy?

A

Uveitis

Slit lamp exam

Topical steroids

3
Q

Patient presents with painful eye. Pupil fixed at midpoint. Suspected diagnosis? Most accurate test? Best initial therapy?

A

Glaucoma

Tonometry

#Acetazolamide 
#Mannitol (osmotically draw fluid out of eye )
#Pliocarpine, beta blockers or apraclonidine (constrict pupil)
#Laser trabeculoplasty
4
Q

Presentation of chronic glaucoma? Confirm diagnosis with? Medications?

A

Asymptomatic

Tonometry indicating elevated IOP

#-prost (Prostaglandin analog)
#Topical beta blockers
#-amides (Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors)
#a2 agonists
#Pliocarpine
#Laser trabeculoplasty
5
Q

Patient presents with a red eye and complains of sensation of “sand in the eyes” – suspected diagnosis? Most accurate test? Best initial therapy?

A

Trauma

Fluorescein staining

No specific therapy (patch not clearly beneficial)

6
Q

Normal Cup-to-disc ratio? In acute angle-closure glaucoma?

A

0.3

Over 0.3

7
Q

Patient presents with red, swollen, and painful eye. Fluorescein staining shows dendritic pattern – suspected diagnosis? Oral Treatment? Topical treatment?

A

Herpes Keratitis

ORAL Acyclovir, famcyclovir, valacyclovir

Topical trifluridine or idoxuridine

8
Q

Do not treat herpes keratitis with? (Will make condition worse?)

A

Steroids

9
Q

Diagnosed cataracts with? Treatment?

A

Ophthalmoscope or slitlamp

No medical treatment – surgery to remove intraocular lens

10
Q

Diabetic retinopathy – most accurate test? Treatment if non-proliferative? If proliferative?

A

Fluorescein Angiography

Tight glucose control

Laser photocoagulation and anti-VEGF injections

11
Q

Diabetic presents with vitreal hemorrhage – management?

A

Vitrectomy

12
Q

Management of retinal artery occlusion?

A
#O2
#ocular massage
#acetazolamide
#anterior chamber paracentesis
#thrombolytica
13
Q

Treatment of retinal vein occlusion?

A

Ranibizumab (anti-VEGF)

14
Q

Patient presents with sudden onset of painless, unilateral vision loss – suspected diagnosis? Management?

A
Retinal detachment
#Mechanical reattachment (surgery, leisure, cryotherapy)
15
Q

Most common cause of blindness in the US? Unilateral or bilateral? External appearance of the eye?

A

Macular degeneration

Bilateral

Normal external appearance

16
Q

Types of macular degeneration?

Type that causes permanent blindness? Mechanism?

A

Dry (atrophic) versus wet (neovascular);

Wet - new vessel growth between the retina and underlying Bruch membrane

17
Q

Initial treatment for neovascular macular degeneration? Atrophic macular degeneration?

A

VEGF Inhibitor (ranibizumab, bevacizumab, aflibervept) injected directly into vitreous chamber

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