Opthalamic Exam Flashcards
(32 cards)
Emmetropia Definition
No refractive Error
Myopia Definition
Nearsightedness
Hyperopia Definition
Farsightedness
Presbyopia Definition
Decreased Accomodation with aging
Astigmatism
Nonspherical cornea or lens; light rays not refracted uniformly
Components of the Physical Exam
Visual Acuity, Visual Fields, pupillary examination, External exam, extraocular movements, Fundoscopy
Inspection Components
- Position and alignment of eyes
- Eyebrows: quantity and distribution
- Eyelids: edema, color, lesions, condition and direction of eyelashes, adequacy of closed eyelids
- Lacrimal Apparatus: swelling
- Conjunctiva and sclera: color vascular pattern
- Cornea and lens: opacities
- Iris: markings clearly defined
- Pupils: size, shape, symmetry, reaction to light (direct and consensual)
What Does Visual Acuity Test?
- Integrity of the macula, optic nerve, optic tract, and visual cortex
- Test distance and near vision for best corrected visual acuity
Legal Blindness
- 20/200 BCVA
Snellen Chart
- Test at 20 ft
- Recorded as a ratio: numerator is the testing distance for the pt, denominator is the distance at which a normal eye can read the line of letters
OS
Left eye
OU
Both Eyes
OD Right eye
Right eye
Common causes of aniscoria (asymmetric pupils)
- Physiologic
- CN III palsy
- Horner’s Syndrome
- Ocular trauma/inflammation
- mydriatic eyedrops
- Recreational drugs
- Ocular surgery
What Does Accommodation reflex test?
- Pupillary constriction
2. Eye Convergence
What Does extraocular muscle evaluation test?
- Nystagmus (congenital and late-onset)
- Cranial Nerve palsy
- Graves’ disease
- Myasthenia gravis
- Stroke
- Brain tumor
- Orbital Tumors
What do you use a red-free filter for?
Visualize blood vessels and hemorrhages
What do you use a polarizing filter for?
Reduce corneal reflection
What do you use a cobalt blue filter for?
Corneal abrasions upon fluorescein stain
What do the red numbers correct for?
Minus lenses for myopic eyes (nearsighted)
What do the green numbers correct for?
Plus lenses for hyperopic eye (farsighted)
When performing a fundoscopic exam on a patient, describe the change is the size of blood vessels as you move toward the optic disc
The diameter of the blood vessels increases
Blepharitis
- bacterial infection of the lid margins
- bilateral flaky inflammatory condition, may be due to a staph or strep infection, or dysfunctional meibomian glands.
- Eyelashes may adhere to eyelids, dandruff-like deposits/scales on eyelashes, nontender, eyelid margins may be red, conjunctiva clear to slightly red.
- Treat with baby shampoo, or antibiotic ointment if needed
Hordoleum
- Localized painful staphylococcal abscess, may be internal (sebaceous gland abscess) or external (sty on lid margin).
- May have discharge, acute onset pain and edema of involved lid. 3. Treat with warm compress to decrease inflammation, may need antibiotic ointment
