Opthalmology Flashcards
What are the two types of stye?
hordeolum externum = infection of the glands of Zeis/Moll (sweat glands at the base of the eyelashes)
hordeolum internum = infection of the Meibomian glands - they are deeper, more painful and may point inwards towards eyeball underneath lid
What is a stye?
Causes a tender red lump along the eyelid that may contain pus
Tx for styes?
hot compresses and analgesia
*topical abx may be considered if associated w/conjunctivitis or sx persist
What is a chalazion?
(often called a Meibomian cyst) - when a Meibomian gland becomes blocked and swells, typically NOT tender
What is the tx for a chalazion/Meibomian cyst?
warm compresses and gentle massage towards the eyelashes (encourage drainage)
What is an entropion?
When the eyelid turns inwards with the lashes pressed against the eye - causes pain and can result in corneal damage and ulceration
What is the management of an entropion?
initial = taping eyelid down to prevent the inwards movement (+ eye drops to lubricate)
definitive = surgery
What is an ectropion?
when the eyelid turns outwards, usually affects the bottom lid and risks exposure keratopathy
Tx for an ectropion?
mild cases may not require treatment, eye drops, surgery
What is trichiasis?
inward growth of the eyelashes - results in pain and can cause corneal damage and ulceration
What is periorbital cellulitis?
eyelid and skin infection in front of the orbital septum - presents with hot red and swollen skin around the eyelid and eye (important to differentiate from orbital cellulitis)
What is orbital cellulitis?
infection around the eyeball - sight and life-threatening emergency (can develop from periorbital)
What is the tx for periorbital cellulitis?
systemic abx - usually co-amox
What are the sx of orbital cellulitis?
- pain with eye movement
- reduced eye movements
- vision changes
- abnormal pupil reactions
- proptosis (eyeball bulging forward)
