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Neuro I > Oral and Nasal Cavities, Sinuses and Pterygopalatine Fossa > Flashcards

Oral and Nasal Cavities, Sinuses and Pterygopalatine Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

_____ extends from the lateral corner of the nose to the angle of the mouth

A

nasolabial sulcus

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2
Q

shallow midline sulcus between the nose and the upper lip

A

philtrum

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3
Q

red portion of the lips

A

red margin

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4
Q

red margin is due to

A

thin epithelium and extensive underlying capillary network

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5
Q

parotid duct pierces

A

the buccinator muscle

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6
Q

buccinator is innervated by

A

facial nerve

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7
Q

The ______ nerve spirals around the submandibular duct from ______ to ______ medial

A

lingual
superior-lateral
inferior-medial

Therefore in the dissection of the floor of the mouth, the duct will be above the nerve, and the sublingual gland will be later

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8
Q

Wharton’s duct aka

A

submandibular duct

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9
Q

muscles of the floor of the mouth (2)

A

mylohyoid - platform of the tongue

geniohyoid

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10
Q

blood supply of sublingual gland

A

sublingual branch of lingual artery

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11
Q

if mylohyoid is paralyzed on one side

A

scaffold of the mouth sags, and fluid starts to pool on that side of the mouth

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12
Q

Parasympathetic innervation to sublingual gland (preganglionic)

A 
preganglionic from superior salivatory nucleus
exit brainstem with facial nerve
travel through chorda tympani
join with lingual nerve 
terminate in the submandibular ganglion
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13
Q

Parasympathetic innervation to sublingual gland

postganglionic

A

from submandibular ganglion

distribute as numerous short branches to the parenchyma of gland

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14
Q

Sympathetic innervation to sublingual gland

A

post gangilionic fibers originate in superior cervical ganglion
course in external carotid and facial peruses (in adventitia)
some fibers may reach the gland via the sublingual plexus, which courses in adventitia of sublingual branch of lingual artery

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15
Q

what kind of structure is the tongue

A

mobile, musculofibrous

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16
Q

tongue plays a role in

A

mastication deglutition, speech, and taste

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17
Q

epithelium on anterior 2/3 innervated by
GSA
SVA

A

Trigeminal (pain, Temp, touch)

Facial (taste)

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18
Q

epithelium on the posterior 1/3 of tongue innervated by
GVA
SVA

A

glossopharyngeal for both

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19
Q

intrinsic mucles of tongue are derived from

innervated by GSE fibers from

A

head myotomes

hypoglossal nerve

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20
Q

facial nerve comes from what arches

innervates what

A

second arch
anterior 2/3 of tongue
m. of facial expression

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21
Q

place of invagination of the thyroid gland

A

foramen cecum

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22
Q

demarcation of ant 2/3 of tongue from posterior 1/3

A

sulcus terminalis. demarcated by circumvallate papillae

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23
Q

beginning of the endoderm

A

where buccopharyngeal membrane dissolves in the stomodeum. that sulcus limitans is the beginning of the endoderm –> GVA fibers.

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24
Q

Oral portion of the tongue embryologic origin (ant 2/3)

A

ectoderm
GSA from lingual nerve
SVA from facial nerve via chorda tympani to lingual

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25
Q

pharyngeal portion of tongue embryologic origin (post 1/3)

A

endoderm

GVA and SVA from glossopharyngeal nerve

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26
Q

structure located on the dorsum of the posterior 1/3 of tongue

A

lingual tonsil

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27
Q

All of the intrinsic mm of the tongue except _______ are innervated by______

A

palatoglossus

hypoglossal nerve

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28
Q

what innervates palatoglossus

A

vagus nerve

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29
Q

disarthria

A

can’t manipulate the tongue to form certain sounds

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30
Q

unilateral hypoglossal palsy results in

A

atrophy and fasciculations of intrinsic muscles of the tongue
paralysis of the tongue
tongue deviates TOWARDS the affected side

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31
Q

bilateral paralysis of the tongue may cause

A

airway obstruction, dysarthria and dysphagia

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32
Q

Blood supply of tongue

A

lingual artery and its terminal branch the profunda lingual a

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33
Q

terminal branch of lingual a

A

profunda lingual a

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34
Q

lingual vein drains into

A

IJV or facial vein

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35
Q

lymphatics of tongue drain

A

deep cervical lymph nodes
jugulo digastric
jugulo omohyoid

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36
Q

During swallowing, how do we prevent reflux of material into the nasopharinx

A

the soft palate closes the pharyngeal isthmus during degluttation

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37
Q

Ventilation is a _____ pressure event.

A

positive pressure - there is nothing physiologic about that
success in extubation is only ~60%. many must be reuntubated

probably due to shutting off the herring brewer reflex in intubation

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38
Q

Herring-Brewer Reflex

A

during inhalation there is some point that the respiratory receptors trigger exhalation
inhilation is a negative function
fact that you suppress a physiologic reflex during inhalation is probably what gives us problems with extubation

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39
Q 
function of tensor veli palatine muscle
innervation of tensor veli
A

tenses the soft palate, opens up the auditory auditory tube

small branch of mandibular nerve (V3)

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40
Q

auditory tube is ____ during swallowing

A

closed

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41
Q

Function and innervation of levitator veli palatini muscle

A

elevator of the soft palate (has to be elevated during 2nd and 3rd phase of swallowing, or you will have to snort food out your nose. if you have to do that, ahwat will happen> you will elicit a laryngeal expiatory cough reflex)
innervated by VAGUS

42
Q

heard palate vessels and nerves

A

greater palatine vessels and nerves

43
Q

soft palate vessels and nerves

A

lesser palatine vessels and nerves

44
Q

what structure is closely related to the floor of the palatine tonsilar fossa>

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

45
Q

where do fractures of the nose frequently occur

A

at the junction between the septal cartilage and ethmoid and vomer bones

46
Q

bony portion of nose

A

nasal, maxillae, and frontal bones (upper portion of the nose)

47
Q

Cartlagenous portion of nose

A

septal and alar cartilages

48
Q

Nasal septum

A

septal cartilage and perpendicular plate of ehtmoid - vomer

49
Q

frequent area of nose bleeds

A

Kesselbeck’s area.

nasal bleeds more posterior can produce a lot of blood, it can be hard to get those to stop bleeding.

50
Q

anterior portion of the nasal cavity lined with hairs

A

vestibule

51
Q

portion of nasal cavity located above vestibule and is smooth walled

A

atrium

52
Q

region of nasal cavity covered by tightly adherent mucoperiosteum and mucoperichondrium

A

repiratory region.

53
Q

curve shaped structures in the nasal cavity with extensive venous plexus

A

conchae

54
Q

swell bodies are found in the lamina propria of which conchae

A

middle and inferior

55
Q

drainage from ant 1/3 of nose is _____ from posterior 2/3 is

A

passive

active

56
Q

nasal congestion

A

venous sinuses (sell bodies) become dilated and engorged with blood during a cold - thereby swelling the conchae and obliterating the airflow through the meatuses.

57
Q

superior and middle conchae are part of what bone

A

ethmoid

58
Q

olfactory region is located where in nasal cavity

A

roof

59
Q

The nasolacrimal opening is located

A

1cm posterior to the anterior part of the inferior nasal concha

60
Q

Why does your nose run when you cruy

A

nasolacrimal opening is in the nose, 1cm post to the anterior part of the inferior nasal concha - there is no active absorption here

61
Q

ethmoidal bulla (located on the middle concha) contains (3)

A
  1. opening for maxillary sinus
  2. ethmoidal infundibulum (opeinging for frontal sinus0
  3. frontal recess (separate opening for frontal sinus)
62
Q

maxillary sinus sinus drains

A

toward the opening in the nasal cavity ethmoidal bulla

infection –> mucous drains onto superior aspect of the roof of the inferior choncha

63
Q

what a supplies the septum and lateral wall of the poster 2/3 of the nasal cavity

A

sphenopalatine artery

64
Q

sphenopalatine artery branches into

A

posterior lateral a

posterior septal a

65
Q

anterior 1/3 of the nasal walls and septum is supplied by

A

branched of the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries, which are branches of the ophthalmic artery

66
Q

kiesselbach;s area (where most epistaxis occurs) is the junction of what arteries

A

septal branches of superior labial and sphenopalatine arteries

67
Q

lymphatic drainage of nasal cavity

A

jugulodigastric nodes.

68
Q

blood to post 2/3 nasal cavity

blood to ant 1/3 nasal cavity

A

branches of sphenopalatine a

anterior ethmoidal a

69
Q

Innervation of
postior 2/3 nasal cavity
anterior 1/3
and also

A

branches of sphenopalatine ganglion
anterior ethmoidal nerve
olfactory nerve

70
Q

GSA - nasal cavity

A

Anterior ethmoidal

71
Q

SVA -nasal cavity

A

olfactory nerves

72
Q

GVA - nasal cavity

A

branches of sphenopalatine ganglion

73
Q

unilateral paralysis of the tensor or levator veil palatine results in

A

deviation of the uvula towards the NORMAL side

74
Q

The floor of the orbit is related to what sinus? what can happen in a blowout fx

A

maxillary sinus

contents of orbit can herniate into maxillary sinus in a blower fx

75
Q

The contents of the orbit are packaged into______ and that is packed into the _______.

A

periorbital osteum

orbital fossa

76
Q

the orbit has a close relationship with

A

sinuses and brain

cavernous sinus*

77
Q

Maxillary sinus base -

A

directly medially

78
Q

maxillary sunus apex -

A

directed towards the zygomatic process of maxlla

79
Q

maxillary sinus medial wall forms the

A

lateral wall of nasal cavity

80
Q

maxillary sinus roof forms the

A

floor of the orbit

81
Q

maxillary floor is part of

is located .5-1 cm belos

A

the alveolar potion of the maxilla.

the nasal cavity

82
Q

maxillary sinus posterior wall forms the

A

anterior wall of the pterygopalatine fossa and infra temporal fossa

83
Q

maxillay sinus drains by ____action, and____ into __

A

ciliary action
gravity and negative pressure
one or more openings into the hiatus semilunaris

84
Q

maxillary sinusitis may be associated with a ______

A

toothache of the first or second molars

85
Q

maxillary infections may spread where, bc of their intimate relationships with e/o

A

frontal, anterior ethmoidal cells, nasal cavity, teeth, and maxillary sinus

86
Q

Sphenoidal sinus relationship to adjacent structures

posterior

A

pons, basilar artery

87
Q

Sphenoidal sinus relationship to adjacent structures

superior

A

pituitary

88
Q

Sphenoidal sinus relationship to adjacent structures

anterior

A

nasal cavity

89
Q

Sphenoidal sinus relationship to adjacent structures

inferior

A

nasopharynx

90
Q

Sphenoidal sinus relationship to adjacent structures

lateral

A

internal carotid, cavernous sinus

91
Q

break through the root of the sphenoidal sinus, what will you hit

A

pituitary

92
Q

break through the lateral wall of the sinus, what will you hit

A

venous or arterial damage

93
Q

pituitary sits in

A

sella turcica

94
Q

sphenopalatine fossa and ganglion is located between

A

pterygoid portion of sphenoid bone and palatine bone

95
Q

sphenopalatine ganglion is attached to the

A

maxillary nerve (V2)

96
Q

branches of sphenopalatine ganglion(3)

A

vidian nerve
lesser and greater palatine nerves
nasopalatine nerve

97
Q

Vidian nerve is formed by merging of

A

deep petrosal and great petrosal nerves.

98
Q

vidian nerve coneys

A

postganglionic sympathetic, GVE parasympathetic and GVA fibers to the sphenopalatine ganglion, where it ends

99
Q

Lesser and greater palatine nerves (largest branches of sphenopalatine ganglion) convey

A 
GSA (v2)
GVA (VII)
GVE-P 
postganglionic sympathtetic 
to mucosa of inferior surface of soft and hard palate, respectively
100
Q

Nasopalatiene never distributes

A

same components as palatine nerves to mucosa of posterior nasal septum and lateral nasal cavity.

101
Q

4 functional components associated with pterygopalatine (sphenopalatine) ganglion

A
  1. sensory GVA
  2. Postganglionic sympathetic fibers
  3. Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers synapse in pterygopalatine ganglion
  4. Post ganglioinc parasympathetic fibers supply lacrimal gland

Neuro I (30 decks)

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