Oral Cavity Flashcards
(85 cards)
1
Q
space between lips and cheeks and teeth and gingivae
A
vestibule
2
Q
*oral vestibule & oral cavity proper
A
3
Q
oral cavity proper: boundaries
anterolaterally:
roof:
floor:
posteriorly:
A
- Anterolaterally: dental arches
- Roof: hard and soft palate
- Floor: tongue and mucous membrane
- Posteriorly: communicates with oropharynx
4
Q
Lips
A
Lips: musculofibrous folds surrounding the mouth formed of skin exteriorly and mucous membrane internally, between these is the orbicularis oris m
5
Q
shallow depressions attached to upper lip
A
nasolabial sulci
6
Q
shallow depressions attached to lower lip
A
Mentolabial sulci
7
Q
folds of mucous membrane in the midline, extending from vestibular gingiva to mucosa of upper and lower lips
A
Labial frenulum
8
Q
depression above upper lips and below nose in the midline
A
philtrum
9
Q
exposed red portion of the upper and lower lips
A
vermilion
10
Q
vasculature of upper lip
A
superior labial branches of facial and infraorbital aa.
11
Q
vasculature of lower lip
A
inferior labial branches of facial and mental aa.
12
Q
nerves of upper lip
A
superior labial branches of the infraorbital nerve (CN V2)
13
Q
nerves of lower lip
A
inferior labial branches of the mental nerve (CN V3)
14
Q
teeth
A
participate in mastication and articulation
15
Q
how many deciduous teeth
A
20 in children
16
Q
how many permanent teeth
A
32 in adults
17
Q
types of teeth
A
incisors
canines
premolars
molars
18
Q
thin cutting edges
A
incisors
19
Q
single prominent cones
A
canines
20
Q
two cups (bicuspids)
A
premolars
21
Q
three or more cusps
A
molars
22
Q
*types of teeth
A
23
Q
surfaces of teeth
A
vestibular (labial or buccal)
lingual
mesial
distal
occlusal
24
Q
*surfaces of teeth
A
25
vestibular (labial or buccal)
outwards
26
lingual
inwards
27
mesial
towards the facial portion of cranium. contact surface
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distal
towards middle of cranium. contact surface
29
occlusal
masticatory surface
30
parts of teeth
Parts of teeth
Crown: project from the gingivae
Neck: between crown and root
Root: below neck, fixed in the tooth socket by periodontium
Dentine: composes most of tooth, contains pulp cavity
Enamel: covers dentine over crown. This is the hardest substance in human body
Cement: covers dentin over root
Pulp cavity: covered by dentin, contains connective tissue, blood vessels and nerves
Root canal: transmits nerves and vessels to and from pulp cavity through apical foramina
Periodontium: collagenous fibers, located between cement of root and periosteum of alveolus
## Footnote
Dento-alveolar syndesmosis: fibrous joint connecting the root of teeth to the bone of maxilla or mandible
31
project from the gingivae
crown
32
between crown and root
## Footnote
neck
33
below neck, fixed in the tooth socket by periodontium
root
34
composes most of tooth, contains pulp cavity
dentine
35
covers dentine over crown. This is the hardest substance in human body
enamel
36
covers dentin over root
cement
37
covered by dentin, contains connective tissue, blood vessels and nerves
pulp cavity
38
transmits nerves and vessels to and from pulp cavity through apical foramina
root canal
39
collagenous fibers, located between cement of root and periosteum of alveolus
## Footnote
periodontium
40
fibrous joint connecting the root of teeth to the bone of maxilla or mandible
Dento-alveolar syndesmosis
41
\*parts of teeth
42
palate
Palate
* Arched roof of mouth and floor of nasal cavities
* Separates the oral cavity from the nasal cavities and nasopharynx
* Superior (nasal) portion covered with respiratory mucosa, and the inferior (oral) with oral mucosa
* Anterior hard and posterior soft palate
43
\*palate
44
Hard palate
* Occupies anterior 2/3rd of palate
* Comprised of palatine process of maxillae and palatine bone
* Incise fossa: posterior to central incisor teeth
* Nasopalatine a. and n. pass from the nose through foramina leading into the incisive fossa
* Greater palatine foramen: medial to 3rd molar
* Greater palatine n. and a. emerge from this foramen and run anteriorly to meet and anastomose with the nasopalatine n. and a. and innervate and supply hard palate
* Lesser palatine foramina: posterior to GPF
* Lesser palatine n. and a. emerge from this foramina and run posteriorly to innervate and supply the soft palate
* Mucous membrane: tightly bound to and covers hard palate
* Palatine glands: mucous secreting glands, deep to mucosa
* Transverse palatine folds: assist with manipulation of food during mastication
* Palatine raphe: extending posteriorly from the incisive fossa to the uvula, is a fold of mucosa membrane that represents the site of fusion of palatal processes
45
\*hard palate
46
Incise fossa
* posterior to central incisor teeth
* Nasopalatine a. and n. pass from the nose through foramina leading into the incisive fossa
47
Greater palatine foramen
* medial to 3rd molar
* Greater palatine n. and a. emerge from this foramen and run anteriorly to meet and anastomose with the nasopalatine n. and a. and innervate and supply hard palate
48
Lesser palatine foramina
* posterior to GPF
* Lesser palatine n. and a. emerge from this foramina and run posteriorly to innervate and supply the soft palate
49
Mucous membrane
tightly bound to and covers hard palate
50
Palatine glands
mucous secreting glands, deep to mucosa
51
Transverse palatine folds
assist with manipulation of food during mastication
52
Palatine raphe
extending posteriorly from the incisive fossa to the uvula, is a fold of mucosa membrane that represents the site of fusion of palatal processes
53
Soft palate
* Occupies posterior 1/3rd of palate and is movable
* Suspended from the posterior border of hard palate by the palatine aponeurosis
* During swallowing the soft palate tenses to squeeze bolus of food posteriorly, then it elevates posteriorly and superiorly against wall of pharynx to prevent passage of food into nasal cavity
* Uvula: conical process hanging from the posteroinferior, curved, free margin of soft palate
* Palatoglossal arch: mucous membrane covering the palatoglossal m. Joins soft palate to tongue
* Palatopharyngeal arch: mucous membrane covering the palatopharyngeal m. Joins soft palate to pharynx
54
\*soft palate
55
Uvula
conical process hanging from the posteroinferior, curved, free margin of soft palate
56
Palatoglossal arch
mucous membrane covering the palatoglossal m. Joins soft palate to tongue
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Palatopharyngeal arch
mucous membrane covering the palatopharyngeal m. Joins soft palate to pharynx
58
Fauces (L. throat)
* space between cavity of mouth and pharynx
* Boundaries
* S: soft palate
* I: root of the tongue
* L: pillars of fauces (palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches)
* Isthmus of fauces: space between oral cavity and orophaynx
59
Palatine tonsils
masses of lymphoid tissue on each side of oropharynx and are bounded by the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches
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mm of soft palate Tensor veli palatini
## Footnote
Tensor veli palatini
Levator veli palatini
Palatoglossus
Palatopharyngeus
Uvular
61
flatten, extended tendon of the tensor veli palatini m. that attaches to the posterior border of the hard palate
Palatine aponeurosis
62
\*mm of soft palate
63
\*mm of soft palate TABLE
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Tongue
Anterior 2/3rd in oral cavity and posterior 1/3rd in oropharynx
Participates in articulation, swallowing, taste, and oral cleansing
Parts
* Root: attached posterior portion
* Body: between root and apex
* Apex: tip of tongue
Surfaces
* Dorsum: superior surface
* Terminal sulcus: V-shape demarcation, separating ant. 2/3rd and post. 1/3rd
* Foramen cecum: opening at the end of the terminal sulcus, developmental remnant of the thyroglossus duct
* Midline groove: divides anterior part of tongue into R & L parts
* Lingual papillae: vallate, foliate, and fungiform contain taste rec. and buds
* Vallate: large and flat topped, lie anterior to terminal sulcus in a V-shaped row
* Foliate: small lateral folds of lingual mucosa
* Filiform: long and numerous, arranged in V-shape rows parallel to the terminal sulcus. Sensitive to touch
* Fungiform: mushroom shaped, scattered among the filiform papillae, most numerous at apex
* Lingual tonsil: cluster of lymphoid nodules on posterior 1/3rd of tongue
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\*tongue
66
Frenulum
* inferior surface of tongue
* connects tongue to floor of mouth
67
Sublingual caruncle (papilla)
* inferior surface of tongue
* on each side of lingual frenulum, includes the opening of the submandibular gland duct
68
Sublingual folds
* inferior surface of tongue
* elevations of sublingual mucosa, containing the openings of the sublingual gland ducts
69
mm of tongue (extrinsic)
- innervation
* Genioglossus
* Hyoglossus
* Styloglossus
* Palatoglossus
* All innervated by CN XII, except palatoglossus (CN X)
70
\*mm of tongue
71
\*mm of tongue (TABLE)
72
mm of tongue (intrinsic)
innervation?
* Superior and inferior longitudinal
* Act together to make tongue short and thick
* Transverse and vertical
* Act simultaneously to make tongue long and narrow
All innervated by CN XII
73
\*mm of tongue (intrinsic)
74
\*mm of tongue (intrinsic) TABLE
75
innervation of the tongue
* CN V3 (anterior 2/3rd of tongue -\> sensation)
* CN VII (anterior 2/3rd via chorda tympani and lingual -\> taste)
* CN IX (posterior 1/3rd sensation and taste)
* CN X (taste to root of tongue and epiglottis)
* CN XII (motor to extrinsic and intrinsic m.)
Clinical relevance: these functions can be used clinically to test the integrity of these nerves
76
\*innervation of the tongue
77
vasculature of tongue
* Lingual a.
* Dorsal lingual a.: supply root
* Deep lingual a.: supply body
* Lingual v.
* Dorsal lingual v.: drain root
* Deep lingual v.: begins at apex and drains body
78
\*vasculature of tongue
79
Salivary glands
* Parotid, submandibular, sublingual
* Secret saliva
* Moisturize mucous membrane of oral cavity
* Lubricates food during mastication
* Begins starch digestion
* Intrinsic mouthwash
* Prevents tooth decay
* Taste
80
parotid glands
* Largest of salivary glands
* Location: anteroinferior to external acoustic meatus, between the ramus of mandible and mastoid process
* Embedded with the gland (superficial -\> deep)
* Branches of facial nerve (CN VII)
* Retromandibular vein
* ECA
* Parotid duct: passes anteriorly from the gland -\> crosses masseter m. -\> pierces the buccinator m. -\> enters oral cavity opposite 2nd maxillary molar
81
Submandibular glands
* Location: along body of mandible in the submandibular triangle, partly superficial and partly deep to mylohyoid m.
* Submandibular duct: runs medially to open on each side of the lingual frenulum in the sublingual caruncle
82
Sublingual glands
* Smallest and most deeply situated of salivary glands
* Location: lie in floor of mouth between mandible and genioglossus m.
* Sublingual ducts: 12-15 ducts open along the sublingual folds
83
\*parotid gland
84
\*submandibular gland
85
\*sublingual gland
