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Flashcards in Oral Cavity Deck (104)
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1
Q

Other name for glossodynia

A

burning mouth syndrome

no identifiable one etiology

2
Q

Neurological etiologies for glossodynia? (4)

A
  • peripheral nerve damage
  • diabetic neuropathy
  • trigeminal neuralgia
  • acoustic neuroma
3
Q

Psychiatric etiologies for glossodynia? (5)

A
  • possibly psychological b/c no change in the histology
  • somatoform disorder
  • depression/anxiety
  • cancerophobia
  • OCD
4
Q

Systemic etiologies for glossodynia? (6)

A
  • sjogren syndrome
  • anemia (iron deficiency, pernicious)
  • nutritional deficiency
  • GERD
  • hypothyroidism
  • AIDS
5
Q

Oral etiologies for glossodynia? (7)

A
  • xerostomia
  • geographic/fissured tongue
  • vesiculobullos disease
  • Temporomandiular dysfunction
  • Vesiculobullous disease
  • Referred pain from teeth/tonsilitis
  • Drugs: antibiotics, psychiatric meds, chemotherapy
6
Q

What are the disorders of the tongue? (13)

A
  1. Glossodynia
  2. Macroglossia
  3. Glossitis
  4. Geographic tongue
  5. Fissured Tongue
  6. White/Black Hairy Tongue
  7. Oral Hairy Leukoplakia
  8. Candida
  9. Prominent circumvallate paillae
  10. Oral tonsil/lingual tonsil
  11. Lingual Varicosities
  12. Fibroma
  13. Cancer
7
Q

What are the disorders of the salivary glands? (5)

A
  1. Xerostomia
  2. Mucocele
  3. Multiple Mucoceles
  4. Ranula
  5. Diffuse Parotid Gland Enlargement
8
Q

What are the disorders of the gingiva and periodontium? (4)

A
  1. Papillon-lefevre syndrome
  2. Erosive Gingivostomatitis (desquamative gingivitis)
  3. Lichen Planus
  4. Lichenoid Mucositis
9
Q

What are the disorders of the lips?

A
  1. Actinic Cheilitis
  2. Angular Cheilitis
  3. Cheilitis Glandularis
  4. Chelilitis Glandularis Apostematosa
  5. Exfoliative Cheilitis (factitious cheilitis)
10
Q

Symptoms/signs of glossodynia?

A
  • burning discomfort/pain
  • irritation
  • rawness
11
Q

Somatoform glossodynia usually occurs…

A

in the afternoon when patients have high anxiety

12
Q

What is sjogren syndrome?

A
  • autonomic disease
  • destroys parotid and lacrimal gland
  • tissue volume decreases but gland is enlarged from inflamation
  • dry mouth & dry eyes
  • can be any gland
13
Q

How do you test for sjogren syndrome?

A

-check for autoantibodies

14
Q

How do you test for glossodynia?

A

all diagnostic test are normal but may have complications

15
Q

Is macroglossia congenital or acquired?

A

both

16
Q

What is macroglossia?

A

tongue is disproportionately large relative to the patient’s jaw size

17
Q

What complications occur with macroglossia? (2)

A
  • difficulty with mastication and speech

- accidental tongue biting

18
Q

Differential diagnosis for macroglossia? (5)

A
  • Down syndrome
  • hypothyroidism
  • Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
  • Neurofibromatosis
  • infection by mycobacteria/ filamentous bacteria
19
Q

What is hypogeusia?

A

lack of taste

20
Q

What is dysgeusia?

A

reduced taste

21
Q

What is glossitis? (3)

A
  • pain
  • irritation/burning
  • hypogeusia/dysgeusia
22
Q

What are the types of glossitis? (3)

A
  • Atrophic glossitis
  • Moeller/Hunter glossitis
  • Median Rhomboid Glossitis
23
Q

What is atrophic glossitis?

A

-filiform depapillation
Can either be:
1. mild patchy erythema
2. smooth atrophic beefy-red surface

24
Q

Etiology of atrophic glossitis? (4)

A
  • Deficiencies: pernicious anemia (lateral aspect of tongue) protein, other nutritional
  • Chemical irritants/drug reactions
  • amyloidosis, sarcoidosis, vesiculobullous diseases
  • oral candidiasis/ systemic infections
25
Q

What is moeller/hunter glossitis? (2)

A
  • pernicious anemia

- affects lateral aspects and top of tongue

26
Q

What is Median Rhomboid Glossitis?

A

-atrophic disorder of tongue secondary to candida

27
Q

What is geographic tongue? (3)

A
  • benign inflammatory condition
  • loss of filiform papillae
  • forms erythematous plaques with annular / serpiginous well demarcated white border
28
Q

Etiology of geographic tongue? (8)

A
  • Psoriasis, Reiter syndrome
  • Atopic dermatitis
  • Diabetes mellitus, anemia, hormonal disturbances
  • Down syndrome, lithium therapy
29
Q

What is fissured tongue?

A
  • furrowed, scrotal or grooved tongue

- numerous small irregular fissures oriented laterally on the dorsal tongue

30
Q

Fissured tongue is seen in what percentage of individuals?

A

5-11%

31
Q

Fissured tongue can be seen in these disorders:

A
  • Melkersson-rosenthal syndrome
  • psoriassis
  • downsyndrome
  • acromegalgy
  • sjogren syndrome
32
Q

What is melkersson-rosenthal syndrome?

A

granuloamatosis disease with specific inflamation

33
Q

What symptoms do those with melkersson-resenthal syndrome have? (3)

A
  • Fissured tongue
  • Peripheral Facial Paralysis
  • Oral Facial EDEMA
34
Q

What is white/black hairy tongue?

A

Hypertrophy of filiform paillae which looks like hair

35
Q

etiology of white/black hairy tongue? (7)

A
  • debilitated patients
  • tobacco
  • antibiotics
  • poor oral hygiene
  • mouth breathing
  • radiation
  • bismuth antacids
36
Q

What colors can black/white hairy tongue be? (5)

A
  • white
  • yellow
  • green
  • brown
  • black
37
Q

The colors from white/black hairy tongue are due to… (3)

A
  • chromogenic bacteria OR
  • staining OR
  • exogenous sources
38
Q

Etiology of oral hairy leukoplakia? (3)

A
  • HIV patients with epstein barr virus
  • organ transplant recipients
  • chemotherapy
39
Q

What is oral hairy leukoplakia? (3)

A
  • asymptomatic
  • corrugated white plaques
  • accentuatuon of vertical folds on lateral borders of tongue
40
Q

What is prominent circumvallate papillae disorder of the tongue? (2)

A
  • uncommon, variation of normality - no treatment needed

- posterior dorsum tongue

41
Q

What do circumvallate papillae look like?

A

large mushroom shaped

42
Q

What is another name for oral tonsil?

A

lingual tonsil

43
Q

What is oral tonsil? (2)

A
  • common

- bilateraly raised reddish areas on the lateral tongue base

44
Q

etiology of oral tonsil?

A

lymphatic tissue in tongue

45
Q

Differential diagnosis of oral tonsil? (2)

A
  • oral SCC

* the bilateral location occurrence establishes correct diagnosis without biopsy

46
Q

What is lingual varicies? (4)

A
  • common
  • older people
  • distended vessels on lingual tongue surface
  • no treatment needed
47
Q

What is a fibroma?

A

tumor found on tongue

48
Q

What is xerostomia? (2)

A
  • dry mouth

- decreased saliva prodution

49
Q

Which sex is more affected by xerostomia?

A

females are twice as likely than men

50
Q

Etiology of xerostomia? (7)

A
  • medications
  • medical conditions
  • granulomatous inflammation
  • dehydration
  • treatments
  • old age
  • periodontal disease
51
Q

etiology involving medicines for xerostomia? (3)

A
  • antidepressants
  • antihistamines
  • diuretics
52
Q

etiology involving medical conditions for xerostomia? (5)

A
  • parkinsons
  • diabetes
  • anemia
  • cystic fibrosis
  • rheumatoid arthritis
53
Q

etiology involving granulomatous inflammation for xerostomia? (3)

A
  • tuberculosis
  • sarcoid
  • sjogren syndrome
  • HIV
  • amyloid
54
Q

etiology involving dehydration for xerostomia? (7)

A
  • fever
  • excessive sweating
  • vomiting/diarrhea
  • blood loss
  • burns
  • smoking
  • tea/coffee
55
Q

etiology involving treatments for xerostomia? (2)

A
  • Radiation Therapy of head and neck

- surgical removal of the salivary glands

56
Q

Signs and symptoms of xerostomia? (9)

A
  • halitosis
  • altered taste / smell
  • difficulty swallowing
  • dry/cracked lips
  • increased thirst
  • heavy plaque /salivary calculi
  • recurrent yeast infections
  • burning sensation
  • difficulty wearing dentures
57
Q

What is mucocele? (3)

A
  • mucous retention cysts
  • benign painless
  • dome shaped fluctuant papules
58
Q

etiology of mucocele?

A

trauma/obstruction of minor salivary gland ducts

59
Q

Multiple mucoceles etiology? (5)

A
  • immunosuppresive diseases
  • sjogren syndrome
  • graft vs host disease
  • lichen planus
  • cicatrical pemphigoid
60
Q

What is ranula?

A
  • large blue/translucent fluctuant mass

- on floor of mouth

61
Q

ranula etiology? (2)

A

obstruction of :

  • submandibular duct OR
  • sublingual duct
62
Q

What is diffuse parotid enlargement?

A

-inflamed and destroyed parotid gland

63
Q

diffuse parotid enlargement etiology? (2)

A
  • acute mononucleosis

- HIV

64
Q

What is papillon-lefevre syndrome?

A
  • severe destructive periodontal disease

- exfoliation of adult and primary teeth

65
Q

What is another name for erosive gingivostamatitis?

A

desquamative gingivitis

66
Q

What is erosive gingivostamatitis?

A
  • inflammation and erythema of the gingiva

- non specific pattern

67
Q

Etiology of erosive gingivostomatitis?

A
  • virus
  • autoimmune
  • inflammatory and blistering disorder
68
Q

What is lichen planus?

A
  • painful OR asymptomatic lacy white patches/plaques/papules
  • erosions / ulcerations

*ask patient about DRUG CONSUMPTION

69
Q

What is the etiology of Lichenoid Mucositis?

A
  • similar to lichen planus
  • NSAIDs
  • antihypertensive medication
  • contact allergy
  • GVHD
70
Q

What is the most common cause of oral ulcerations?

A

oral aphthous disease

71
Q

What is oral aphthous disease?

A

acute, recurrent, painful ulcers

72
Q

Where does oral aphthous disease occur?

A

nonkeratinizaed mucousa

73
Q

What do the ulcers in oral aphthous disease look like?

A

gray or yellow pseudomembrane and erythematous margin

74
Q

What percentage of the population is affected by oral aphthous disease?

A

30%

75
Q

What is the natural history of oral aphthous disease?

A

spontaneous healing

76
Q

Etiology of oral aphthous disease?

A
  • herediatary
  • emotional
  • allergy
  • decreased mucosal barrier integrity
  • hematologic & immunologic disorders
77
Q

What conditions are associated with oral aphthous disease? (4)

A
  • hematinic deficiency (iron, folic acid, vit b12)
  • GI malabsorption: celial, crohns, pernicious anemia, herpetiformis, dermatitis
  • lupis erythematosus
  • reactive arthritis
  • HIV/Behcet’s disease
  • PFAPA
  • MAGIC
78
Q

What is behcet’s disease?

A
  • associated with oral aphthous disease
  • Ulcers in different places (mouth, genitals and the eyes).
  • vascularities and inflammation
79
Q

What is PFAPA?

A
  • associated with oral aphthous disease

- Periodic Fever Aphthous stomatatis Pharyngitis and cervical Adenitis

80
Q

What is the etiology for PFAPA?

A

-unknown

81
Q

What is MAGIC?

A
  • associated with oral aphthous disease

- Mouth And Genital ulcers with Inflamed Cartilage

82
Q

What is the etiology for MAGIC?

A

unkown

83
Q

Treatment for oral aphthous stomatitis? (8)

A
  • unclear if effective because heals in 5 days naturally
  • chlorhexidine
  • benzyledamide
  • carboximetilcelulose (pain+inflamation): lidocaine,steroids
  • sucralfate
  • pentoxyphilin, colchicin thalidomide
  • immunosuppresants
84
Q

Major criteria for behcets disease? (2)

A
  • oral aphthae

- genital ulcers

85
Q

Minor criteria for behcets disease? (4)

A
  • Proteinuria + haematuria
  • Thrombophlebitis
  • Aneurysms
  • Arthralgias
86
Q

Behcet’s disease occular (3)

A
  • iridocyclitis
  • retinal vasculitis
  • optic atrophy
87
Q

Behcet’s disease dermatological (3)

A
  • pustules
  • erythema nodosum
  • pathergy
88
Q

Behcet’s disease CNS lesions (5)

A
  • meningoencephalitis
  • cerebral infarction
  • cranial nerve palsies
  • cerebellar and spinal cord lesions
  • psychosis
89
Q

What is leukoedema? (4)

A
  • common
  • benign generalized whitening of buccal mucosa
  • african americans
  • no treatment needed
90
Q

What is white sponge nevus? (4)

A
  • uncommon
  • inherited: autosomal dominant
  • white thickening/folded/corrugated buccal mucosa (bilateral in mouth and floor of mouth)
  • no treatment needed
91
Q

What two disorders cause whitening of the buccal mucosa? (2)

A
  • leukoedema (benign, common)

- white sponge nevus (autosomal dominant, uncommon)

92
Q

Where does white sponge nevus occur? (3)

A
  • buccal mucosa
  • both sides of mouth
  • can be on the floor of mouth also
93
Q

What is actinic cheilitis? (5)

A
  • premalignant
  • affects lower lip - vermillion border
  • edematous and erythematous
  • later: atrophic, white, scaly plaques
  • ulceration/induration (biopsy to rule out malignancy)
94
Q

What is the etiology of actinic cheilitis?

A

chronic UVR exposure

95
Q

What is another name for angular cheilitis?

A

perleche

96
Q

What is angular chelitis? (3)

A
  • PAINFUL
  • inflammatory reaction, erythema, maceration at angles of mouth
  • fissuring & crusting may be present
97
Q

What are the predisposing factors of angular chelitis?

A
  • advanced age
  • ill-fitting dentures
  • thumb-sucking in children
  • oral Candidiasis + bacterial infections
98
Q

What is cheilitis glandularis? (3)

A
  • PAINLESS
  • inflam. enlargement of lower lip (sometimes upper)
  • elderly men
99
Q

Etiology of chelitis glandularis? (4)

A
  • actinic damage
  • bacterial infection
  • tobacco esposure
  • chronic irritation
100
Q

What is Cheilitis Glandularis Apostematosa?

A
  • PAINFUL enlargment and eversion of lip
  • erosions
  • recurrent bacterial infections
  • malignant transformation
101
Q

What is another name for Exfoliative chelitis?

A

Factitious chelitis

102
Q

What is exfoliative chelitis?

A
  • chronic superficial inflammation of vermillion border of lips
  • persistent scaling
103
Q

What disorders affect the vermillion border of lips?

A
  • exfoliative chelitis

- actinic chelitis

104
Q

etiology of exfoliative chelitis? (3)

A

low temperature
dryness
lip sucking/chewing/manipulation