Orbit and Extraocular Muscle Testing Pt. 2 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Orbit and Extraocular Muscle Testing Pt. 2 Deck (39)
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1
Q

What are the 5 structures in the orbit that receive autonomic innervation?

A
  1. ) Dilator pupillae muscle
  2. ) Constrictor pupillae muscle
  3. ) Ciliary Muscle
  4. ) Levator palpebrae (smooth muscle part)
  5. ) Lacrimal gland
2
Q

Of these 5, which two only get SYMPATHETIC innervation?

A

Dilator pupillae and levator palpebrae

3
Q

Of these 5, which two receive only PARASYMPATHETIC innervation?

A

constrictor pupillae and ciliary

4
Q

OF these 5, which is the only one to receive BOTH sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation

A

Lacrimal gland

5
Q

The sympathetic innervation of the dilator pupillae and levator palpebrae is via postganglionic fibers whose cell bodies are in the

A

Superior cervical ganglion

6
Q

The preganglionic sympathetic fibers arrise from

A

T1

7
Q

The parasympathetic innervation to the lacrimal gland is via the

A

Greater petrosal branch of CN VII (preganglionic) and the pterygopalatine ganglion (post ganglionic)

8
Q

The parasympathetic innervation to the constrictor pupillae and ciliary muscles is via

A

CN III (preganglionic) and ciliary ganglion (post ganglionic)

9
Q

The ciliary ganglion contains cell bodies of

A

Post ganglionic parasympathetic neurons

10
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic axons from CN III enter the ciliary ganglion through the

A

Motor root

11
Q

The post ganglionic axons then leave the ciliary ganglion through the short ciliary nerves and to the eyeball to innervate the

A

Sphincter pupillae and cilliary muscles

12
Q

Contains sensory fibers from CN V1 and postganglionic sumpathetic axons from cell bodies in the superior cervical ganglion that pass through wihtout synapsing

A

Ciliary ganglion

13
Q

What is the sensory nerve in the orbit for special sensation?

A

Optic nerve (II)

14
Q

What is the sensory nerve in the orbit for general sensation?

A

Opthalmic (V1) and maxillary (V2) divisions of the trigeminal nerve

15
Q

The eyeball receives general sensory innervation from the

A

Long ciliary and short ciliary nerves, which are branches of the nasociliary nerve (branch of V1)

16
Q

Pass through the ciliary ganglion on their way to the eyeball

A

Sensory fibers in short ciliary nerve

17
Q

What are the other sensory nerves that pass through the orbit to provide general sensory innervation to the face, paranasal sinuses, and cranial cavity?

A

Frontal nerve, lacrimal nerve, infraorbital nerve, and zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial nerves

18
Q

All of the sensory fibers of the trigeminal nerve have their cell bodies in the trigeminal ganglion located in the

A

Middle cranial fossa

19
Q

Prior to entering the orbit, CN V1 divides into the

A

Lacrimal, frontal, and nasociliary nerves

20
Q

Within the orbit, the frontal nerve divides into the

A

Supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves

21
Q

Gives rise to the Sensory root of the ciliary ganglion, the long ciliary nerve, the ethmoidal nerves, and the infratrochlear nerve

A

Nasociliary Nerve

22
Q

Provides sensation from the eyeball

A

Sensory root of ciliary ganglion and long ciliary nerve

23
Q

PRovides sensation from the ethmoid air cells, the anterior cranial fossa, and the nasal cavity

A

Ethmoidal nerves

24
Q

Provides sensation from the face

A

Infratrochlear nerce

25
Q

Prior to entering the orbit, CN III divides into a

A

Superior and inferior division

26
Q

The superior division of CN III carries SOMATIC motor innervation to the

A

Levator palpebrae superioris and superior rectus

27
Q

The inferior division of CN III carries somatic motor innervation to the

A

Inferior and medial rectus and the inferior oblique

28
Q

The inferior division of CN III also carries preganglionic parasympathetic innervation to the

A

Ciliary ganglion

29
Q

CN IV and CN VI enter the orbit and each innervate one muscle, which are they?

A

CN IV = superior oblique

CN VI = lateral rectus

30
Q

A branch of the internal carotid artery that enters the orbit through the optic canal along with the optic nerve

A

Opthalmic artery

31
Q

Sole blood supply to the visual receptor cells of the retina

-Branch of opthalmic artery

A

Central artery of the retina

32
Q

Communicates with several veins of the face, receives tributaries within the orbit, and then exits the orbit through the superior orbital fissure to enter the cavernous sinus

A

Superior opthalmic vein

33
Q

Receives tributaries within the orbit and then divides into two branches

A

Inferior opthalmic vein

34
Q

One branch exits the orbit through the inferior orbital fissure to drain into the

A

Pterygoid plexus in the infratemporal fossa

35
Q

The other branch drains into the

A

Superior opthalmic vein

36
Q

Usually the pressure gradient of the opthalmic veins is such that blood flow is from

A

Within the cranial cavity outward

37
Q

Can travel to the cavernous sinus and may lead to septic cavernous sinus thrombosis (potentially fatal)

A

Superficial cutaneous infection of the face

38
Q

Which structures passTHROUGH the common ring tendon of the four rectus muscles?

A
  1. ) CN II
  2. ) CN III (sup. & inf.)
  3. ) CN VI
  4. ) Nasociliary nerve of V1
  5. ) Opthalmic artery
39
Q

What are the structures that pass OUTSIDE of the ring tendon?

A
  1. ) CN IV
  2. ) Frontal and lacrimal nerves of V1
  3. ) Infraorbital and zygomatic nerves of V2
  4. ) Opthalmic veins

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