Organelles Flashcards
0
Q
What are chromatins?
A
- uncoiled DNA spread throughout nucleus
- fxn: controls all activities of the cell by turning genes on or off
1
Q
What is a nucleus?
A
- large, round organelle
- surrounded by double membrane
- fxn: isolates DNA from cytoplasm
- not found in prokaryotes
2
Q
What is a nuclear envelope?
A
- double membrane surrounding nucleus
- connected to rough ER
- fxn: control passage of materials into and out of nucleus
3
Q
What is a nucleolis?
A
- dense region of proteins, DNA, and RNA in nucleus
- fxn: site of ribosome assembly
4
Q
What is a cell membrane?
A
- lipid bilayer with embedded proteins surrounding cell
- fxn: controls passage of materials into and out of the cell; communicates with adjacent cells
5
Q
What is a cell wall?
A
- single or double layer rigid barrier outside of plasma membrane of plant, fungal, and bacterial cells
- fxn: support and protect the cell; determine cell shape
- only found in plant cells
6
Q
What is cytoplasm?
A
- fluid that fills the cell (except for inside the nucleus)
- fxn: contains enzymes that carry out basic metabolism
7
Q
What is a cytoskeleton?
A
- a cytoplasmic organelle
- network of protein tubes; three types (microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments)
- fxn: reinforces cell’s shape; helps with cell movement; helps with movement of materials within the cell; helps position organelles within cell
8
Q
What is mitochondria?
A
- a cytoplasmic organelle
- bean shaped organelle surrounded by two membranes
- inner membrane is folded for increased surface area
- fxn: carries out cellular respiration to make ATP for the cell
9
Q
What are chloroplasts?
A
- a cytoplasmic organelle
- bean shaped organelle surrounded by two membranes
- contains inner thylakoid membranes formed into stacks called grana
- fxn: carries out photosynthesis to make carbohydrates for the cell
- only found in plants and some protists (green algae)
10
Q
What is a ribosome?
A
- a cytoplasmic organelle
- small organelle made of two parts (large & small subunits)
- some free in cytoplasm, some attached to rough ER
- fxn: makes proteins by translation, using instructions coded in mRNA template
11
Q
What is a rough endoplasmic reticulum?
A
- a cytoplasmic organelle
- stacks of flattened, connected, membrane-bound layers
- connected to nuclear envelope
- ribosomes attached to outside
- fxn: modifies proteins made by attached ribosomes, adding carbohydrates &/or lipids
12
Q
What is a smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
A
- a cytoplasmic organelle
- stacks of flattened, membrane-bound layers
- no ribosomes
- fxn: makes new lipids and membranes for the cell
13
Q
What is a golgi apparatus?
A
- a cytoplasmic organelle
- stacks of flattened, membrane-bound layers
- layers not connected
- fxn: modifies proteins by adding carbohydrates &/or lipids; sorts, packages, and sends proteins to final locations within the cell
14
Q
What is a lysosome?
A
- a cytoplasmic organelle
- membrane-bound organelle filled with acidic fluid, digestive enzymes
- fxn: digests unneeded proteins & organelles; digest other materials taken into the cell by phagocytosis
