Organic Compounds

Question 1

Structure of a complex carbohydrate

Answer 1

• A polymer made of simple carbohydrates bonded together

- Arrangement determines what kind of complex carbohydrate

Question 2

What is polymer? What are Monomers?

Answer 2

• Large molecule made of a chain of may smaller molecules bonded together
• Monomers are the smaller molecules

Question 3

Functions of complex carbohydrates

Answer 3

-Starch: form in which plant energy is stored.
Broken down to release energy to carry out
functions
-Cellulose: use to build strong stems and roots

Question 4

What elements make up the complex carbohydrate: glucose?

Answer 4

C6H12O6: carbon(C), hydrogen(H), and oxygen(O)

Question 5

Sources of complex carbohydrates

Answer 5

Celery, skimmed milk, spinach, yams, broccoli, beans, zucchini and lentils

Question 6

Structure of fats/lipids

Answer 6

Each fat or oil molecule is made of 1 short glycerol molecule and 3 long fatty molecules

Question 7

Function of fats/lipids

Answer 7

-Cholesterol: used to build cell structures and compounds used as messengers. Produced from other nutrients

Question 8

What elements make up a fat/lipid?

Answer 8

Carbon(C), hydrogen(H) and oxygen(O)

Question 9

Sources of fats/lipids

Answer 9

Olive oil(from an olive tree), peanut butter, cheese, eggs, and meat

Question 10

Structure of proteins

Answer 10

• Polymers formed from combinations of the monomers: amino acids
• Depending on different sequences of the 20 amino acids determines the kind of protein

Question 11

Functions of proteins

Answer 11

• Essential for carrying blood throughout your body

- Proteins consumed used to build and repair body parts

Question 12

What elements make up a protein?

Answer 12

Carbon(C), hydrogen(H), oxygen(O), nitrogen(N)

Question 13

Sources of proteins

Answer 13

Beans(Mature Soybeans), meat, broccoli, fish, eggs, tofu and almonds

Question 14

Structure of nucleic acids (DNA)

Answer 14

-Made from four different kinds of nucleotides
Two strands are twisted in a spiral ladder shape
-Contains billions of nucleotides, like polymers
-Depending on how nucleotides are arranged, determines characteristics

Question 15

Types of nucleic acids

Answer 15

RNA and DNA

Question 16

Functions of nucleic acids

Answer 16

• Tells the cell what cell it has to be
• What functions it must perform, etc.
• Code of RNA depends on code of DNA

Question 17

Purpose of water

Answer 17

• Distributes essential nutrients to cells, such as minerals, vitamins, and glucose.
• Many chemical reactions take place in water or need water

Question 18

Sources of water

Answer 18

Plant roots, trees, and grass

Question 19

Purpose of sodium chloride (salt)

Answer 19

-Help the contraction of muscles and with the transmission of messages through nerves with sodium ions

Question 20

Sources of sodium chloride (salts)

Answer 20

Underground in rock form or dissolved in the world’s Oceans and some lakes.

Question 21

Purpose of calcium (mineral)

Answer 21

-The form of ions important to the body in many processes

Question 22

Sources of calcium (mineral)

Answer 22

-Earth’s rocks and soils, including, iron, iodine, potassium, and calcium

Question 23

Purpose of vitamin D (vitamin)

Answer 23

-Helps molecules in a variety of chemical reactions

Question 24

Sources of vitamin D

Answer 24

• Exposure to sunlight

- Helps your gums and teeth stay strong and healthy.