Organic Metab ML: 2

Question 1

What is the absorbtive state stimulated by

Answer 1

insulin

Question 2

Protein synthesis

Answer 2

amino acids to proteins

Question 3

Lipogenesis

Answer 3

fatty acids and intermediates from lvier to triglceride

Question 4

Glucogenesis

Answer 4

glucose to glycogen

Question 5

Where does excess glucose go in the absotpive state

Answer 5

glycogen or triglcerdies

Question 6

What decreases actions in the postabsorptive state

Answer 6

decreased insulin

Question 7

Proteolysis

Answer 7

protein to amino acids

Question 8

Lipolysis

Answer 8

trigclyercide to glycerol and fatty acids

Question 9

Glycogenolysis

Answer 9

glycogen to glucose

Question 10

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 10

creation of new glucose from liver and kidney

Question 11

What are the two endocrine portions of the pancreas

Answer 11

B-cells: secrete insulin (stimulates absorptive)
Alpha cells: secrete glucagon (stimular post absorptive)

Question 12

What is insulin regulated by

Answer 12

plasma glucose levels

Question 13

What are the four steps of insertion of Glut 4

Answer 13

1. insulin binds to insulin receptor
2. siganl transduction pathway which causes insertion of glut 4 into the membrane
3. facilitaed diffusion of glucose
4. you have plasma glucose

Question 14

Insulin also increases

Answer 14

number of amino acid transporters

Question 15

Why doesnt the brain need insulin for glucose transport

Answer 15

own glucose transporter GLUT-2

Question 16

Why does exercising help type 2 diabetics

Answer 16

because glucose transports go to the membrane without insulin stimulation

Question 17

What does membrane turnover mean

Answer 17

membrane opening will close and be turned into a endosome and turned back into a vesicle to later be stimulated again to fuse back to the membrane

Question 18

What stimulates insulin secretion

Answer 18

increased plasma glucose
increased amino acids
increased parasympathetic activty (rest and digest0

Question 19

What inhibits insulin secretion

Answer 19

sympathetic acitivty - you want to mobilize fuel and not store it

Question 20

What hormones stimulate glycogenolysis

Answer 20

glucagon (only in liver), epi

Question 21

What hormones stimulate gluconeogenesis

Answer 21

glucagon, epi, cortisol, and GH

Question 22

What hormones stimulate lipolysis

Answer 22

epi, cortisol, GH

Question 23

What stimulates inhibitin of glucose uptake by muscle cells and adipose tissue

Answer 23

cortisol and growth hormone

Question 24

What is the only hormone that protects against excess plasma glucose

Answer 24

insulin

Question 25

Increased plasma concentrations of cortisol cause

Answer 25

increased protein catabolism, increased gluconeogensis, decreased glucose uptake by msucle cells and adipose tissues and increase triglcyercie breakdown