Organic Synthesis Flashcards
(126 cards)
1
Q
What is the condition for alkane to haloalkane?
A
UV light
2
Q
What is the reagent for alkane to haloalkane?
A
X2
3
Q
What is the type of reaction for alkane to haloalkane?
A
Free radical substitution
4
Q
What is the reagent for haloalkane to secondary/tertiary amine/quaternary alkyl ammonium salt?
A
primary/secondary/tertiary amine
5
Q
What is the condition for haloalkane to secondary/tertiary amine/quaternary alkyl ammonium salt?
A
excess haloalkane in an ethanolic solution, done under reflux
6
Q
What is the mechanism for haloalkane to secondary/tertiary amine/quaternary alkyl ammonium salt?
A
nucleophilic substitution
7
Q
What is the mechanism for haloalkane to nitrile?
A
nucleophilic substitution
8
Q
What is the reagent for haloalkane to nitrile?
A
KCN
9
Q
What are the conditions for haloalkane to nitrile?
A
the KCN is aqueous in an ethanolic solution and it is done under reflux
10
Q
What is the attacking species for haloalkane to nitrile?
A
:CN-
11
Q
What is the mechanism for haloalkane to primary amine?
A
nucleophilic substitution
12
Q
What is the reagent for haloalkane to primary amine?
A
NH3
13
Q
What are the conditions for haloalkane to primary amine?
A
EXCESS NH3 in ethanolic solution and heat under pressure
14
Q
What is the reagent for haloalkane to an alcohol?
A
NaOH
15
Q
What is the mechanism for haloalkane to alcohol?
A
Nucleophilic substitution
16
Q
What is the attacking species for haloalkane to alcohol?
A
:OH-
17
Q
What are the conditions for haloalkane to alcohol?
A
NaOH is aqueous and in ethanolic solution, warmed and dilute
18
Q
What is the mechanism for haloalkane to alkene?
A
elimination
19
Q
What is the reagent for haloalkane to alkene?
A
KOH
20
Q
What is the attacking species for haloalkane to alkene?
A
:OH-
21
Q
What are the conditions for haloalkane to alkene?
A
KOH is in an ethanolic solution and it is hot and concentrated
22
Q
What is the mechanism for alkene to haloalkane?
A
electrophilic addition
23
Q
What is the reagent for alkene to haloalkane?
A
HX
24
Q
What is the reagent for alkene to dihaloalkane?
A
X2
25
What is the condition for alkene to alkane?
Ni
26
What is the reagent for alkene to alkane?
H2
27
What is the mechanism/type of reaction for alkene to alkane?
addition/reduction/hydrogenation
28
What is the reagent for alkene to alkylhydrogensulfate?
H2SO4
29
What is the mechanism for alkene to alkylhydrogensulfate?
Electrophilic addition
30
What is the mechanism for acyl chloride/acid anhydride to amide?
nucleophilic addition-elimination
31
What is the reagent for acyl chloride/acid anhydride to amide?
NH3
32
What is the mechanism for acyl chloride/acid anhydride to N-substituted amide?
nucleophilic addition-elimination
33
What is the reagent for acyl chloride/acid anhydride to N-substituted amide?
primary amine
34
What is the mechanism for acyl chloride/acid anhydride to ester?
nucleophilic addition-elimination
35
What is the reagent for acyl chloride/acid anhydride to ester?
alcohol
36
What is the mechanism/type of reaction for acyl chloride/acid anhydride to carboxylic acid?
nucleophilic addition-elimination/hydrolysis
37
What is the reagent for acyl chloride/acid anhydride to carboxylic acid?
water
38
What is the type of reaction for triester (lipid) to biodiesel?
transesterification
39
What is the reagent for triester to biodiesel?
methanol
40
What is the condition for triester to biodiesel?
KOH catalyst
41
What is the type of reaction for carboxylic acid to carboxylate salt?
neutralisation
42
What is the reagent for carboxylic acid to carboxylate salt?
OH-
43
What is the type of reaction for carboxylate salt to carboxylic acid?
acidification
44
What is the reagent for carboxylate salt to carboxylic acid?
H+
45
What is the type of reaction for ester to carboxylic acid?
hydrolysis
46
What is the reagent for ester to carboxylic acid?
H2O
47
What are the conditions for ester to carboxylic acid?
H+/OH- catalyst
48
What is the reagent for nitrile to primary amine?
LiAlH4 or H2
49
What is the type of reaction for nitrile to primary amine?
reduction
50
What are the conditions for nitrile to primary amine?
LiAlH4 - (ether) or H2 - Ni catalyst
51
What is the mechanism for alkene to alcohol?
electrophilic addition
52
What is the reagent for alkene to alcohol?
H2O
53
What is the condition for alkene to alcohol?
H3PO4 catalyst
54
What is the attacking species for alkene to alcohol?
H+
55
What is the mechanism for alcohol to alkene?
elimination
56
What is the attacking species for alcohol to alkene?
H+
57
What are the conditions for alcohol to alkene?
concentrated H2SO4 or H3PO4 catalyst
58
What is the reagent for alkylhydrogensulfate to alcohol?
H2O
59
What is the type of reaction for alkylhydrogensulfate to alcohol?
hydrolysis
60
What is the reagent for primary amine to secondary/tertiary amine/quaternary alkyl ammonium salt?
haloalkane
61
What is the mechanism for primary amine to secondary/tertiary amine/quaternary alkyl ammonium salt?
nucleophilic substitution
62
What are the conditions for primary amine to secondary/tertiary amine/quaternary alkyl ammonium salt?
done under reflux with an excess of haloalkane
63
What is the type of reaction for nitrile to carboxylic acid?
hydrolysis
64
What is the reagent for nitrile to carboxylic acid?
H2O
65
What is the condition for nitrile to carboxylic acid?
H+ catalyst
66
What is the reagent for primary amine to N-substituted amide?
acid chloride/anhydride
67
What is the mechanism for primary amine to N-substituted amine?
nucleophilic addition-elimination
68
What is the mechanism/type of reaction for alcohol to ester?
nucleophilic addition-elimination/esterification/condensation
69
What are the reagents for alcohol to ester?
carboxylic acid or acyl chloride/acid anhydride
70
What is the condition for alcohol to ester?
carboxylic acid (reagent) - reflux with concentrated H2SO4 catalyst
71
What is the type of reaction for ester to alcohol?
hydrolysis
72
What is the reagent for ester to alcohol?
H2O
73
What is the condition for ester to alcohol?
H+/OH- catalyst
74
What type of reaction is ester to carboxylic acid?
hydrolysis
75
What is the reagent for ester to carboxylic acid?
H2O
76
What is the condition for ester to carboxylic acid?
H+/OH- catalyst
77
What is the mechanism/type of reaction for carboxylic acid to ester?
nucleophilic addition-elimination/esterification/condensation
78
What is the reagent for carboxylic acid to ester?
alcohol
79
What are the conditions for carboxylic acid to ester?
reflux with concentrated H2SO4 catalyst
80
What is the type of reaction for aldehyde to carboxylic acid?
oxidation
81
What are the reagents for aldehyde to carboxylic acid?
K2Cr2O7/H+
82
What is the condition for aldehyde to carboxylic acid?
done under reflux
83
What is the type of reaction for primary alcohol to aldehyde?
(partial) oxidation
84
What are the reagents for primary alcohol to aldehyde?
K2Cr2O7/H+
85
What is the condition for primary alcohol to aldehyde?
distillation
86
What is the reagent for aldehyde to primary alcohol?
NaBH4
87
What is the mechanism/type of reaction for aldehyde to primary alcohol?
nucleophilic addition/reduction
88
What is the condition for aldehyde to primary alcohol?
acidic conditions (H+)
89
What is the attacking species for aldehyde to primary alcohol?
:H-
90
What is the mechanism for aldehyde to alpha-hydroxynitrile?
nucleophilic addition
91
What are the reagents for aldehyde to alpha-hydroxynitrile?
KCN/H+
92
What is the condition for aldehyde to alpha-hydroxynitrile?
reflux
93
What is the attacking species for aldehyde to alpha-hydroxynitrile?
:CN-
94
What are the reagents for secondary alcohol to ketone?
K2Cr2O7/H+
95
What is the condition for secondary alcohol to ketone?
reflux
96
What type of reaction is secondary alcohol to ketone?
oxidation
97
What is the reagent for ketone to secondary alcohol?
NaBH4
98
What is the condition for ketone to secondary alcohol?
acidic conditions (H+)
99
What mechanism is ketone to secondary alcohol?
nucleophilic addition
100
What is the attacking species for ketone to secondary alcohol?
:H-
101
What are the reagents for ketone to alpha-hydroxynitrile?
KCN/H+
102
What is the condition for ketone to alpha-hydroxynitrile?
reflux
103
What is the mechanism for ketone to alpha-hydroxynitrile?
nucleophilic addition
104
What is the attacking species for ketone to alpha-hydroxynitrile?
:CN-
105
What is the type of reaction for benzene to cyclohexane?
reduction/addition/hydrogenation
106
What is the reagent for benzene to cyclohexane?
H2
107
What is the condition for benzene to cyclohexane?
Ni catalyst
108
What is the reagent for benzene to nitrobenzene?
concentrated HNO3
109
What is the condition for benzene to nitrobenzene?
concentrated H2SO4
110
What is the attacking species for benzene to nitrobenzene?
NO2 +
111
What is the mechanism for benzene to nitrobenzene?
electrophilic substitution
112
What are the reagents for nitrobenzene to phenylamine?
Sn + concentrated HCl
113
What is the condition for nitrobenzene to phenylamine?
reflux
114
What is the type of reaction for nitrobenzene to phenylamine?
reduction
115
What is the reagent for benzene to phenylketone?
acid chloride
116
What is the condition for benzene to phenylketone?
AlCl3
117
What is the attacking species for benzene to phenylketone?
R+C=O
118
What is the mechanism of benzene to phenylketone?
electrophilic substitution
119
What is the reagent of phenylketone to phenylalcohol?
NaBH4
120
What is the condition for phenylketone to phenylalcohol?
acidic conditions
121
What is the type of reaction/mechanism for phenylketone to phenylalcohol?
reduction/nucleophilic addition
122
What is the attacking species for phenylketone to phenylalcohol?
:H-
123
What are the reagents for phenylketone to phenylhydroxynitrile?
KCN/H+
124
What is the condition for phenylketone to phenylhydroxynitrile?
reflux
125
What is the mechanism for phenylketone to phenylhydroxynitrile?
nucleophilic addition
126
What is the attacking species for phenylketone to phenylhydroxynitrile?
:CN-
