Organics 1

Question 1

What does Alaphatic mean?

Answer 1

A straight unbranched organic molecule

Question 2

What does Aromatic mean?

Answer 2

Branches and ringed organic molecules

Question 3

What are functional groups?

Answer 3

Gives properties and characteristics .

‘Group of atoms That give a family of organic compounds their characteristic reactions’

Question 4

What is a homologous series?

Answer 4

A series of of compounds that have similar properties and the same general formula

Question 5

What is the general formula for Alkanes?

Answer 5

CnH2n+2

Question 6

What is the general formula for Alkenes?

Answer 6

CnH2n

Question 7

What is the general formula for an Alkyne?

Answer 7

CnH2n-2

Question 8

What is the general formula for alcohols?

Answer 8

CnH2n+1OH

Question 9

What is the general formula for halogenoalkanes?

Answer 9

CnH2n+1X

Question 10

What is the general formula for aldehydes?

Answer 10

CnH2nO

Question 11

What is the general formula for Ketones?

Answer 11

CnH2nO

Question 12

What is the general formula for carboxylate acids?

Answer 12

CnH2n+1COOH

Question 13

What is the general formula for ethers?

Answer 13

CnH2n+2O

Question 14

What is the general formula for primary amines?

Answer 14

NH2 R

Question 15

What is general formula?

Answer 15

An algebraic formula that can describe any member of a homologous series?

Question 16

What is empirical formula?

Answer 16

A formula giving the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound?

Question 17

What is molecular formula?

Answer 17

Actual number of atoms in each element in a molecule

Question 18

What is structural formula?

Answer 18

Way of representing molecules that shows the atoms c by c with attached function groups

Question 19

What is displayed formula?

Answer 19

Shows how all the atoms are arranged and all the bonds between them

Question 20

What is skeletal formula?

Answer 20

A simplified organic formulae which only shows the carbon skeletal and associated func groups.

Question 21

What is addition?

Answer 21

When 2 or more molecules join together

Question 22

What is polymerisation?

Answer 22

When monomers join to make a polymer

Question 23

What is elimination?

Answer 23

Reaction where atoms/small groups are lost from c groups

Question 24

What is substitution?

Answer 24

Where an atom is replaced by another

Question 25

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 25

Reaction where a molecule is split by H+ and OH- (from water) a catalyst is needed

Question 26

What is oxidation?

Answer 26

``` Loss of electrons Or Gain of oxygen Or Loss of H+ ```

Question 27

What is reduction?

Answer 27

``` Gain of electrons Or Loss of O2 Or Gain of H+ ```

Question 28

What is a nucleophile?

Answer 28

An electron pair donor. They can either be negatively charged or have a lone pair of electrons. They are attracted to electron deficient centres

Question 29

What is an electrophile?

Answer 29

They are electron pair acceptors. Can have either a positive charge or have an area of electron deficiency. Attacked by negative ions and electron rich centres.

Question 30

What are radicals?

Answer 30

They have a single unpaired electron making them VERY reactive. Products are often a complete mixture. Cause CHAIN REACTIONS!

Question 31

What is a structural isomer?

Answer 31

Same molecular formula but with different structural formulas

Question 32

What is a chain isomer?

Answer 32

When the carbon chain is arranged differently?

Question 33

What is a position isomer?

Answer 33

When it is possible to move where the func. Group is found

Question 34

What is a func. Group isomer?

Answer 34

Have very dif. Functional groups so have Very dif. Properties but still have same molecular formula

Question 35

What is a stereoisomer

Answer 35

Same molecular form and structure but differ in 3D space!

Question 36

What are E-Z isomers?

Answer 36

Isomers that are opposite - stereo isomers E- entgegen (opposite) Z- Zusammen (together)

Question 37

What is the Cahn Ingold prelog?

Answer 37

Used for deciding which group in EZ isomers is given more priority larger atomic number= higher priority, IF the atom is directly bonded to the C are the same you move to the next one, start at the double bond and assign each side separately.

Question 38

What are cis and trans isomers?

Answer 38

Cis and