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Organizations & Systems Theory Flashcards

1
Q

Organizations HAVE what?

A

People = human behavior: satisfy needs, develop attitude, motivate, lead, develop groups

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2
Q

Organizations ARE what?

A

Organized = structure: grow, develop, change, divide, combine

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3
Q

Organizations HAVE people doing what?

A

Some activity = processes: reward, communicate, make decisions, evaluate

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4
Q

What is the major way that human beings get things done?

A

organizations

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5
Q

What idea is very strong in the american society?

A

individual achievement

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6
Q

Why do the vast majority of accomplishments in society happen?

A

groups of people become involved in joint efforts

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7
Q

Why has society developed organizations?

A

to provide the goods and services it requires

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8
Q

Organizations are characterized by:

A

1) goal directed behavior 2) the pursuit of goals and objectives that can be efficiently and effectively achieved by concerted action of individuals

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9
Q

Three characteristics of organizations:

A

1) behavior (of individuals and groups within the organization) 2) structure ( the design of the fixed relationships that exist among the jobs in the organization) 3) Processes (which make the organization tick)

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10
Q

Can organizations ignore/abuse their environment and survive in the long run?

A

NO

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11
Q

define SYSTEM

A

a collection of interrelated parts which is unified by design to obtain one of more objectives

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12
Q

Five implications of the Definition of a System:

A

1) a system must be designed to accomplish an objective 2) the elements of a system must have an established arrangement 3) interrelationships must exist among the individual elements of a system and these interrelationships must be synergistic in nature 4) the basic ingredients of a process are more vital than the basic elements of a system 5) organization objectives are more important than the objectives of the organization’s elements, and thus, there is a de-emphasis on the parochial objectives of the elements of a system

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13
Q

Five characteristics of a System

A

central objective, organization, interdependence, interaction, integration

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14
Q

7 elements of a system

A

inputs, processor, outputs, subsystems, suprasystems (environment), contrl, feedback

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15
Q

The environment of a system (3 things)

A

1) the system can do very little about the environment’s behavior or characteristics 2) the environment determines in part how the system performs 3) the environment determines the demand (need) for the system’s output

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16
Q

What is an organization dependent upon the environment for?

A

inputs and acceptance of outputs

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17
Q

should the organization develop means for adjusting to environmental demands?

A

YES. feedback provides the mechanism by which an organization can recognize these demands

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18
Q

define FEEDBACK

A

the dynamic process by which any organism learns from its experiences with its environment. It refers to info which reflects the outcomes of an act/series of acts by an individual, group, or organization. Systems Theory emphasizes the importance of responding to the content of feedback info

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19
Q

What three things does an organizations survival depend on?

A

adapting to the demands of the environment, maintaining the input-process-output cycle, and maintenance activies (keeping the system in good repair)

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20
Q

What are the three types of criteria of organizational effectiveness (time lengths)

A

short, intermediate, and long run

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21
Q

Short run-

A

production, efficiency, satisfaction

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22
Q

Intermediate run-

A

adaptiveness and development

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23
Q

Long run-

A

survival (the final test is, can an organization sustain itself?)

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24
Q

define PRODUCTION

A

the ability to provide the quantity and quality of ouput demanded by the environment

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25
Q

define RATIO

A

the ratio of outputs to inputs (benefits/costs)

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26
Q

define SATISFACTION

A

since an organization is a social system, consideration must be given to the benefits received by its participants as well as by its customers (audiences) and clients (sponsors)

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27
Q

define ADAPTIVENESS

A

the extent to which an organization can and does respond to internal and external changes

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28
Q

define DEVELOPMENT

A

an organization must invest in itself to enhance its capability to survive in the longrun

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29
Q

Qualities of a non profit organization

A

incorporated (registered with secretary of state), formed for charitable/educational purposes, surpluses resulting from organizations activities are reinvested in organization, no stockholders, individuals working for/rendering service to a npo can be paid for the fair market value of their work, eligible to become exempt from certain state and fed taxes, contributors may be able to receive tax deductions

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30
Q

Qualities of for profit organizations

A

can be a sole proprietorship/partnership/limited partnership/corporation, formed for a variety of purposes including desire to do something artistic/entertain, always includes the desire to make or lose money, profits resulting from organizations activities may be kept by a single owner, shared, or distributed, part of profits are reinvested in organization, stocks and dividends are permitted, must pay all local/state/federal taxes

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31
Q

Why were producers organizations created?

A

allow producers to balance the power of the unions when master contracts between the union and the producers are negotiated.

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32
Q

Producers organizations ARE NOT UNIONS and should never be thought of as such

A

TRUE

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33
Q

LORT

A

League of Resident Theatres

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34
Q

Principle objectives of LORT

A

promote general welfare of resident theaters, promote community interest and support, encourage/promote sound communications and relations between/among resident theaters, act in the interest and on behalf of its members in labor relations and related matters, carry on all lawful activities which may directly or indirectly contribute to the accomplishment of such purposes, communicate with the fed gov through the National Endowment for the Arts and American Arts Alliance and to keep those agencies apprised of the needs and status of its membership

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35
Q

Go into detail about the principle “ to act in the interest and on behalf of its members in labor relations and related matters”

A

serve as a bargaining agent for members in bargaining with unions, establish and maintain stable and equitable labor relations between its members and unions representing employees of its members, provide guidance and assistance to its members in administering collective bargaining agreements, handle disputes between members and employees, represent its members before government agencies on problems of labor relations

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36
Q

give three examples of LORT Theatres and their locations

A

The Goodman Theatre- Chicago, IL/ Lincoln Center Theatre - New York, NY/ Center Theatre Group - Los Angeles, CA

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37
Q

CORST

A

Council of Resident Stock Theatres

38
Q

What is CORST used by?

A

agreements cover resident dramatic stock and are used by commercial and non for profit producers

39
Q

Examples of CORST Theatres

A

Maine State Music Theatre- Bowdoin College campus in maine, Mountain Playhouse- Pittsburg PA, Saint Michael’s Playhouse- Northern Vermont

40
Q

COST

A

Council of Stock Theatres

41
Q

do COST have equity casts?

A

YES

42
Q

Examples of COST theatres

A

North Shore Music Theatre- Boston MA, 5th avenue Theatre- Seattle WA, Paper Mill Playhouse- Millburn NJ

43
Q

RMTA

A

Resident Musical Theatre Association- summer stock musicals with equity cast

44
Q

ACMT

A

Association of Civic Musical Theatres- music extravaganzas, mostly midwest, performances in the summer, packed productions, equity casts

45
Q

ADTI

A

American Dinner Theatre Institute- covers dinner theatres, equity cast, packaged shows, company may be residents

46
Q

CAT

A

Chicago Area Theatres

47
Q

Broadway League

A

remember the Mel Brooks story!

48
Q

Beginners Dilemma

A

You can’t join the performers union without a union job; you can’t get a union job without belonging to the union

49
Q

Solution to the beginners dilemma?

A

easier to get a union contract from an equity summer stock/regional theater. If hired you will be offered a union contract, if you accept you must become a member

50
Q

what are fees for joining a union?

A

initiation fee/800, annual dues/52, usually management deducts initiation fees and union dues from weekly paycheck and forwards them to the union. Equity members will pay 2% work dues

51
Q

The Taft-Hartly Act

A

passed by congress in the late 40’s, allows you to pay your initiation feees after you have been paid.

52
Q

Union Benefits

A

welfare/pension fund group, hospital insurance, magazine for members, franchising of agents, representation in disputes with mgmt, protection of your stage name

53
Q

Why would you not want to join a performing arts union?

A

You may not be a consistently competitive as a performer, may be unable to find other professional union work after working initial union job, union member cannot legally work in a non-union house without Equity’s approval.

54
Q

How do you get Equity’s approval to work in a non union house?

A

Equity usually requires a non union theater to pay Theatre for Young Audiences (TYA) minimums.

55
Q

What is AFL-CIO

A

the American Federation of Labor-Congress of Industrial Organizations- voluntary federation of 66 of america’s national and international labor unions. represents more than 13 million working men and women nationwide

56
Q

What IS the Four A’s?

A

Associated Actors and Artists of America- umbrella organization through which performing arts unions have their connection to AFL-CIO

57
Q

What ARE the Four A’s?

A

AEA, AFTRA, AGMA, AGVA, HAU, GIAU, SAG

58
Q

AEa

A

Actors Equity Association (plays, musicals, bway)

59
Q

AFTRA

A

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (radio, tv, recordings)

60
Q

AGMA

A

American guild of musical artists (opera, dance, concert)

61
Q

AGVA

A

american guild of variety artists (circus, cabaret, variety shows)

62
Q

HAU

A

Hebrews Actors Unions (plays in yiddish/hebrew)

63
Q

GIAU

A

Guild of italian Actors Union (italian community plays in italian)

64
Q

SAG

A

Screen Actors Guild (film)

65
Q

Why should you join a performing arts union?

A

earn more money, better benefits, more productive and have greater job security than nonunion workers

66
Q

what are the five purposes of performing arts unions?

A

1) assure fair pay 2) assure fair treatment 3) protect members against unscrupulous agents, managers, and producers 4) assure minimally clean and safe working conditions 5) set, guarantee, and enforce professional behavior and conduct of its members

67
Q

define AGENT

A

a person who works to get you employed. in return agent receives a percentage (commission) of your salary

68
Q

define AGENCIES

A

businesses which may have been one or more agents working for them

69
Q

define FRANCHISED AGENTS

A

agents or agencies approved by one or more performing arts unions to represent their members. Franchised agents must agree to abide by various union rules and regulations governing percentages for commissions, minimum fees, and professional cod of conduct for agents

70
Q

define NON FRANCHISED AGENTS

A

agents not approved by performing arts unions to represent their members. frequently disreputable, charge high commissions, advance fees, don’t necessarily have professional contacts in show business. union members are forbidden to use non franchised agents

71
Q

Reasons for getting an agent

A

agent is a show business insider, has lots of contacts, in NY agencies provide most of the casting despite the fact tha tproducers must hold equity auditions, in Hollywood only agents can negotiate a contract with a producer, good agent can guide your career

72
Q

How do you get an agent?

A

decide the type of agent/agency you want, review players guide in ny or players directory in hollywood, look for agents who do not have actors/actresses like you, use personal contacts to ge an interview with an agent/agency/be seen in something,go to an interview

73
Q

EMC

A

Exclusive Management Contract- governed by Equity Rule A

74
Q

what is equity rule a

A

consists of the code of ethics and professional responsibility that equity imposes on franchised agents

75
Q

What can you do before you enter into an EMC

A

right to request a list of actors the agent represents who have the same qualifications as you and who would be eligible for the same roles as you. you may request in writing once every 4 weeks a detailed written description of the agents efforts on your behalf

76
Q

what does the EMC do

A

provides agent with the exclusive right to represent you, provides agent to receive a commission for any employment within the scope of his agency no matter how you procure it.

77
Q

discuss the one year limitation

A

first contract between actor and agent/agency may be for no more than one year. If an actor has other kinds of written contracts with the same agent at the time the first EMC contract is entered into, the above does not apply. the first EMC may not be for a period longer than the remaining term of the longest existing written contract of another type

78
Q

Can the second and subsequent EMC’s be for longer periods of time?

A

Yes, 3 years is the customary length

79
Q

Typical commission to the agent under EMC where actor salary is below $1000/wk

A

5% of the first $200/wk, 10% of the remaining (above $200) amount/wk for first 10 weeks of employment

80
Q

How do you get out of an EMC?

A

Actor/Agent may terminate contract if the actor fails to be employed for 2 weeks work in the legitimate theater during any 120 day period or the actor does not receive payment of his usual salary for at least two weeks in a 120 day period from work in the legitimate theater. 120 day period is extended if the actor says he is unavailable for employment in the legitimate theater, actor is physically or mentally unable to work in the legitimate theater, or the actor is employed in a field outside of the legitimate theater industry and is unavailable for work in the legitimate theater

81
Q

What is the Catch 22 for getting out of an EMC?

A

There is no requirement that the agent must have found the two weeks work, or assisted in negotiating the terms of employment, or even knew that the job was available. If your agent does nothing for you and you are industrious enough and lucky enough to land your own job in the theater, you ceate the employment that starts a new 120 day period that prevents you from leaving the agent who does nothing for you.

82
Q

What standards does Equity Rule “A” impose on the agency’s agents?

A

agent must council and advise actor when asked to do so, agent must be truthful and not conceal pertinent facts, agent must use reasonable efforts to assist the actor to procure work, agent must consider only the actor’s interest in representing him, agent must read scripts in which the actor is interested, agent must seek out and speak with producers, agent must continue to be equipped to represent the actor ably and diligently in the legitimate theatre industry, agent must make no binding commitment without the actor’s approval and without informing the actor of the terms, agent must be available at reasonable times to represent the actor/negotiate/attend conferences, and the agent must give business advice/perform in a competent manner.

83
Q

Do legitimate talent agencies charge a fee payable in advance for registering you, for resumes, for public relations services, for screen tests, for photographs, for acting lessons, or for many other services used to separate you from your money.

A

NO

84
Q

You will pay the agency nothing until you work and then 10 percent of your earnings as a performer, but nothing in advance.

A

TRUE

85
Q

How much can a franchised agent charge for commission?

A

nothing higher than 10%

86
Q

When will your agent receive their commission?

A

when you receive compensation for your employment

87
Q

What does a manager do?

A

they are supposed to engage in career direction and the overall management of the artist’s career and business.

88
Q

What is the Wagoner Act/National Labor Relations Act?

A

created in 1935, was the right to form unions.

89
Q

What act was created in 1945?

A

the Taft-Hartly Act. It amended the Wagoner Act, enabled the president to force workers to go back to work if it was for the good of nations. Started because of the railroad workers strikes. Was never invoked until the 1980’s when air traffic controllers went on strike. Ronald Reagan fired all of them because they refused to work therefore having to hire/train new workers.

90
Q

What two ways can you be kicked out of the union?

A

you don’t pay your dues or if you are embezzling union funds

91
Q

what does it mean to live in a Right to Work State?

A

you don’t have to join the union.

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