organs of digestion

Question 1

what is the order of the GI tract ?

Answer 1

mouth
pharynx
oesophagus
stomach
small intestines
large intestines

Question 2

what makes up the oral cavity?

Answer 2

mouth and pharynx

Question 3

where does digestion primarily take place ?

Answer 3

in the lumen of the gut

Question 4

in digestion what is the name when the mixture of food and secretions is in the stomach ?

Answer 4

chyme

Question 5

what does the mouth do in digestion ?

Answer 5

breaks up food particles

Question 6

what does the pharynx do ?

Answer 6

swallows

Question 7

what does the liver do in digestion ?

Answer 7

breaks down and builds up many biological molecules

stores vitamins and iron

destroys old blood cells

destroys poisons

bile aids in digestion

Question 8

what does the gall bladder do in digestion ?

Answer 8

stores and concentrates bile

Question 9

what does the small intestine do ?

Answer 9

completes digestion

mucus protects gut wall

absorbs nutrience , most water

peptidase digests proteins

sucrases digest sugars

amylases digest polysaccharides

Question 10

what does the anus do in digestion ?

Answer 10

opening for elimination of faeces

Question 11

what does the salivary glands do in digestion ?

Answer 11

saliva moistures and lubricates food

amylase digests polysaccharides

Question 12

what does the oesophagus do in digestion ?

Answer 12

transports food

Question 13

what does the stomach do in digestion ?

Answer 13

stores and churns food

pepsin digests protein

HCl activates enzymes , breaks up food , kills germs

mucus protects stomach wall

limited absorption

Question 14

what does the pancreas do in digestion ?

Answer 14

hormones regulates blood glucose levels

bicarbonates neutralises stomach acids

trypsin digest proteins

amylase digests polysaccharides

lipase digest lipids

Question 15

what does the large intestine do in digestion ?

Answer 15

reabsorbs some water and ions

forms and stores faeces

Question 16

what does the rectum do in digestion ?

Answer 16

stores and expels faeces

Question 17

what are the target substrates for these enzymes ?
-amylases
-protease
-lipases
-nuclease

Answer 17

-amylases = carbohydrates
-protease = protein
-lipases = fats
-nuclease = nucleic acids

Question 18

what do digestive enzymes do ?

Answer 18

breakdown polymeric macromolecules into their smaller building blocks

helps facilitate absorption of nutrience into the body

Question 19

what enzymes are found in the mouth ?

Answer 19

salivary amylase

Question 20

what enzymes are found in the stomach ?

Answer 20

hydrochloric acids

pepsin

Question 21

what enzymes are found in the duodenum?

Answer 21

pancreatic amylase
pancreatic lipase
trypsin

Question 22

what enzymes are found in small intestine ?

Answer 22

lactase
maltase

Question 23

what does salivary amylase break starch into ?

Answer 23

maltose

Question 24

what are the three salivary gland ?

Answer 24

parotid
sublingual
submandibular

Question 25

where is parotid salivary gland found ?

Answer 25

back of mouth

Question 26

where is sublingual salivary gland found ?

Answer 26

under the tongue

Question 27

where is submandibular salivary gland found ?

Answer 27

under floor of mouth

Question 28

what is peristalsis ?

Answer 28

the longitudinal and circular layers of the digestive tract contract and relax propel the bolus of food in one direction along the tract

Question 29

where does peristalsis occur ?

Answer 29

throughout the digestive tract

Question 30

where does peristalsis start ?

Answer 30

oesophagus

Question 31

what does HCl do in the stomach ?

Answer 31

kills bacteria

Question 32

what is the food found in the stomach called ?

Answer 32

chyme

Question 33

what sphincter prevents the bolus from passing back into the oesophagus ?

Answer 33

lower oesophageal sphincter

Question 34

what are the three major functions of the stomach ?

Answer 34

acts as a mixing compartment storage organ secretes gastric juices

Question 35

what is the stomach acids composed of ?

Answer 35

hydrochloric acid, potassium chloride and sodium chloride

Question 36

what does gastric acid do in digestion ?

Answer 36

activates digestive enzymes

Question 37

what is gastric acid and where is it produced ?

Answer 37

HCl cells in gastric glands in stomach

Question 38

what does gastric chief cells of the stomach do ?

Answer 38

secrete enzymes for protein breakdown

Question 39

what does HCl activate ?

Answer 39

pepsinogen into enzyme pepsin

Question 40

how long is the small intestine in length ?

Answer 40

10 - 15 feet

Question 41

what are the three sections of the small intestine ?

Answer 41

duodenum jejunum ileum

Question 42

how is the surface are of the small intestine increased ?

Answer 42

villi and microvilli

Question 43

in the wall of the small intestine its composed of four layers , what are they called ?

Answer 43

mucosa submucosa muscularis serosa

Question 44

how long is the large intestine ?

Answer 44

6 feet

Question 45

what are the three phases of digestion ?

Answer 45

cephalic phase gastric phase intestinal phase

Question 46

what does the cephalic phase do ?

Answer 46

occurs before food enter the stomach results from sight, smell , taste and thought of food

Question 47

what is the gastric phase of digestion ?

Answer 47

swallowed food activates the gastric activity in the stomach

Question 48

what is the intestinal phase of digestion ?

Answer 48

occurs in the duodenum in response to the chyme arriving from the stomach

Question 49

what cells in the cephalic phase secrete gastric acid, gastrin and histamine ?

Answer 49

enteroendocrine cells

Question 50

what does gastrin do during cephalic phase ?

Answer 50

* Secreted from G cells * Increases secretion of HCl into stomach * Increases release of histamine

Question 51

what does histamine do during cephalic phase ?

Answer 51

* Secreted from enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells * Increases HCl acid in the stomach

Question 52

what does gastrin do during gastric phase ?

Answer 52

* Secreted from G cells * Increases secretion of HCl into stomach * Increases release of histamine

Question 53

what does histamine do during gastric phase ?

Answer 53

* Secreted from enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells * Increases HCl acid in the stomach

Question 54

what does somatostatin do during gastric phase ?

Answer 54

* Produced by D cells in stomach * Secreted in response to acidic pH * Inhibits gastrin and histamine secretion

Question 56

what does cholecystokinin do in intestinal phase ?

Answer 56

* Secreted from I cells in SI (duodenum) * Released when fats/protein present in SI * Stimulates release of pancreatic enzyme and bile (gall bladder)