orthopaedic tumours

Question 1

what is the most common benign bone tumour?

Answer 1

osteochondroma

Question 2

what age group does osteochondromas most commonly occur in?

Answer 2

<20s

Question 3

where do osteochondromas usually occur?

Answer 3

knee and proximal femur

Question 4

what is the x-ray finding for osteochondromas

Answer 4

bony spur growing off the bone

Question 5

what tumours are associated with intense pain that is worse at night and relieved by NSAIDs?

Answer 5

osteoid osteoma

Question 6

what are osteoid osteomas?

Answer 6

tumour of osteoblasts

Question 7

where are osteoid osteomas found?

Answer 7

metaphysis of long bones

Question 8

what is the best way to image osteoid osteomas?

Answer 8

CT

Question 9

what tumours have a soap bubble appearance on imaging?

Answer 9

giant cell tumours

Question 10

what are benign bone tumours?

Answer 10

osteochondroma
osteoid osteoma
giant cell tumours

Question 11

what are malignant bone tumours?

Answer 11

osteosarcoma
chondrosarcoa
Ewing’s sarcoma

Question 12

what are Giant cell tumours?

Answer 12

multi nucleated, osteoclast like giant cells

Question 13

what are osteochondromas?

Answer 13

tumours of chondrocytes

Question 14

what is the most common malignant bone tumour?

Answer 14

osteosarcoma

Question 15

what are osteosarcomas?

Answer 15

tumour of osteoblasts

Question 16

who are osteosarcomas most common in?

Answer 16

men <25

Question 17

when would osteosarcomas develop in older people?

Answer 17

secondary to paget’s disease

Question 18

what would osteosarcomas look like on imaging?

Answer 18

sunray speculation

Question 19

where would you find osteosarcomas?

Answer 19

metaphysis of long bones - especially around the knee

Question 20

what is the treatment for osteosarcomas?

Answer 20

chemo and surgery

resistant to radiotherapy

Question 21

what are chondrosarcomas?

Answer 21

tumour of chondrocytes

Question 22

who are chondrosarcomas most common in?

Answer 22

middle aged

Question 23

where would you find chondrosarcomas?

Answer 23

axial skeleton - proximal femur or pelvis

Question 24

what do chondrosarcomas look like on imaging?

Answer 24

popcorn calcification

Question 25

what is the treatment for chondrosarcomas?

Answer 25

surgery

resistant to chemo and radio

Question 26

what are Ewing’s sarcomas?

Answer 26

round cell tumour

Question 27

who are Ewing’s sarcomas most common in?

Answer 27

adolescent/young males

Question 28

what is the presentation of a Ewing’s sarcoma?

Answer 28

warm swelling and associated raised inflammatory markers

Question 29

what do Ewing’s sarcomas look like on imaging?

Answer 29

onion ring sign?

Question 30

what is the treatment for Ewing’s sarcomas?

Answer 30

chemo + radio + surgery

Question 31

what is Mirel’s Score?

Answer 31

scoring system used to identify patients with malignant bone tumour that are at high risk of fractures and would benefit from prophylactic internal fixation