Orthopedic Trauma

Question 1

Define:

tendons

Answer 1

It connects the muscles to the bones.

MTB: Muscles-To-Bones

Question 2

Define:

hematopoiesis

Answer 2

The generation of blood cells.

Question 3

What is the axial skeleton composed of?

Answer 3

• Spine
• Skull
• Ribs
• Sternum

Question 4

What is the appendicular skeleton composed of?

Answer 4

• Extremities
• Pelvis
• Clavicles

Question 5

What are the three regions of the long bone?

Answer 5

• Diaphysis
• Epiphysis
• Metaphysis

Question 6

What is the function of the cartilage?

Answer 6

To provide a cushion to the bones from wear and tear.

Question 7

What is found within the red marrow and yellow marrow of the bones?

Answer 7

• red: Red Blood Cell production
• yellow: fats and nutrients

Question 8

Name the three types of joints.

Answer 8

• Fibrous
• Cartilaginous
• Synovial

Question 9

Define:

ligament

Answer 9

It connects the bone to another bone.

Question 10

Define:

Pathological Fracture

Answer 10

A fracture caused by a medical condition/disease that weakens the bone.

Question 11

What are the different types of fracture classification?

Answer 11

• Transverse
• Spiral
• Oblique
• Comminuted
• Greenstick
• Compression

Question 12

Define:

compound or open fracture

Answer 12

A fracture that causes a disruption of the skin.

Question 13

What are the signs/symptoms of a fracture?

Answer 13

• deformity
• shortening
• swelling
• guarding
• tenderness
• crepitus

Question 14

Define:

crepitus

Answer 14

Crunching sounds often heard or felt when palpating.

Question 15

Define:

dislocation

Answer 15

A bone separated from its joint.

Question 16

Define:

Subluxation

Answer 16

partial dislocation

Question 17

Define:

sprain

Answer 17

The stretching/tearing of ligaments.

Question 18

Define:

strain

Answer 18

Muscle and/or tendon injury from stretching.

Question 19

What are the 6 P’s of a musculoskeletal assessment?

Answer 19

• Pain
• Paralysis
• Paresthesia
• Pulselessness
• Pallor
• Pressure

Question 20

How do you assess an extremity for perfusion and function?

Answer 20

PMS:

• Pulse
• Motor
• Sensory

Question 21

What is the potential blood loss in pelvic injury?

Answer 21

1500-3000 ml

Question 22

What is the potential blood loss in femur injury?

Answer 22

1000-1500 ml

Question 23

What is the potential blood loss in humerus and tibia/fibula injuries?

Answer 23

250-500 ml

Question 24

What are some ways to control pain in a musculoskeletal injury?

Answer 24

• splint
• cold/hot compress
• medication

Question 25

# Fill in the blank. When splinting you must check the **PMS** \_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_ applying the splint.

Answer 25

before, after

Question 26

What are the **types** of **splints**?

Answer 26

* Rigid * Sling and Swathe * Pneumatic * Vacuum * Traction * Pillow * Buddy

Question 26

What are some complications in using a **pneumatic splint**?

Answer 26

under or over inflation

Question 27

What are the indications of a **traction splint**?

Answer 27

* closed femur fracture * mid shaft * _no_ ankle/pelvic involvement * _no_ distal long bone fracture

Question 28

How far should a **traction splint** extend **beyond the foot**?

Answer 28

6-10''

Question 29

# Define: Devascularization

Answer 29

The **loss of blood flow** after a fracture due to the **trauma of the surrounding vessels**.

Question 30

# Treatment: **fractures** in the **shoulder region**

Answer 30

sling and swathe

Question 31

# Treatment: mid-shaft humerus fracture

Answer 31

* Apply longitudinal traction if compromised PMS * Splint joint above, joint below * Sling and swathe arm to chest

Question 32

# Define: Boxer's fracture

Answer 32

Fracture of the pinky (finger). ## Footnote It is common after punching an object.

Question 33

# Treatment: fractures of the **hand and/or wrist**

Answer 33

* Place the hand in a POC. * Have the patient hold a roll of gauze to maintain a natural hand position. * Splint the joints above and below the fracture site.

Question 34

What is of **concern** with **pelvic fractures**?

Answer 34

blood loss

Question 35

# Treatment: pelvic fracture

Answer 35

* pelvic binder * scoop stretcher

Question 36

# Treatment: femur fractures

Answer 36

Use a **traction device** if no contraindication.

Question 37

What are the **key assessment signs** of an **Achilles tendon rupture**?

Answer 37

**Pain from the heel to the calf** and inability to flex the foot.

Question 38

# Define: Arthritis

Answer 38

Inflammation of a joint.