osteoarthritis

Question 1

risk factors for osteoarthritis

Answer 1

increasing age
female gender
obesity
developmental dysplasia of the hip

Question 2

features of osteoarthritis of the hip

Answer 2

chronic history of groin ache
pain relieved by rest

Question 3

investigations for osteoarthritis of the hip

Answer 3

diagnosis can be made clinically
x-ray: joint space narrowing, sclerosis, osteophyte formation and subchondral cysts

Question 4

management of osteoarthritis of the hip

Answer 4

oral analgesia
intra-articular injections
THR

Question 5

overall management of osteoarthritis

Answer 5

help with weight loss, muscle strengthening exercises
topical NSAIDs- first line
then oral NSAIDs
only offer paracetamol or weak opioids if they are used infrequently
intra-articular steroid injections
joint replacement

Question 6

risk factors for osteoarthritis of the hand

Answer 6

previous trauma of a joint
obesity
hypermobility
occupation (cotton workers and farmers)
osteoporosis reduces the risk

Question 7

features of OA of the hand

Answer 7

usually bilateral (more commonly carpometacarpal joints, distal interphalangeal joints)
episodic joint pain, and ache relived by rest
stiffness worse after periods of inactivity but only lasts few minutes
painless node: heberden’s nodes (DIP), bouchard’s (PIP)
squaring of the thumb

Question 8

investigations for OA of the hand

Answer 8

x-ray: osteophytes and joint space narrowing