Osteoporosis Flashcards
What is Osteoporosis
Low bone density (2.5 Standard deviations) where T<2.5
Whst is the difference between osteoporosis and osteomalacia
Osteoporosis = Low Bone density Osteomalacia = Low Mineralisation
What are the “SHATTERED” RF for Osteoporosis
S- Steroids H- Hyperthyroid/hyperPTH A- Alcohol and smoking T- Thin T- Testosetrone low E- Estrogen low R- Renal/liver fail E- Erosive/inflammatory disease D- DMT1/Malabsorption
What does the T Score measure
Young adult bone density
What is the normal T Value
0-1
T Value = 1
Patient has osteopenia
Precursor to osteoporosis
What T value w/ Low bone density by more than 2.5 standard deviations diagnoses osteoporosis
T<2.5
What are the presentations of Osteoporosis
Fractures
- Proximal femur (Falls)
- Colles (Outstretched hand)
- Compression vertebral crush
What is the GOLD investigation for osteoporosis
DEXA Scan
-Finds T score and measures Bone mineral density against reference by X Ray
What tool is used to measure the risk of fractures in osteoporosis (<10years)
FRAX Score
How is Osteoporosis treated
Bisphosphonates (Alendronate)
mAB denosumab
Hormone replacement therapy
Raloxifene
How does alendronate work
Inhibit RANK-L signal so inhibits Osteoclasts
How does Denosumab work
Inhibit RANK-L
Why is hormone replacemnen therapy used in Osteoporiosis
Raise Testosterone and estrogen as low values are RF FOR OSTEOPOROSIS
What does DEXA stand for
Dual Energy Xray Absorbitometry
