Other Hormones Flashcards by dani b

What are the glands in the endocrine system

Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenals, gonads

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What do endocrine glands secrete

Hormones

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How are hormone secretions regulated

Through negative feedback systems

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What drugs affect the endrocrine system

Hormones, sysnthetic hormone (agonist and antagonist), substances that influence synthesis and secretion of hormone

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What is the master gland

Pituitary gland

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Where is the pituitary gland located

At the base of the brain

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Secreted hormones from the pituitary gland regulate

Thyroid, adrenal, and sex glands, uterus,

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What type of effect does the pituitary gland have

Trophic effect - growth

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A deficiency in pituitary hormones include

Loss of secondary sex charac, dwarfism, diabetes insipidus, hypothyroidism, addisons disease, retarded dental development

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Hypersecretion of the pituitary causes

Sexual precocity, goitre, cushing disease, acromegaly, giantism

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The pituitary is divided into two glands

Anterior and posterior glands

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The anterior pituitary gland secrete stimulating hormones such as

GH, LH, follicle stimulating hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin

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These are different pharmaceutical preparations of ant. P. Gland hormones

GH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, leuprolide, bromocriptine

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What is GnRH used for

This synthetic analog is used to treat prostate cancer and endometriosis

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Leuprolide stimulates pituitary function which is used to treat

Infertility

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What is bromocriptine and what is its function

Is a drug, to inhibit pituitary function

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What does bromocriptine suppress? Treat for?

Prolactin levels. Tx prolactin secreting adenomas, acromegaly and Parkinson’s disease

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What are the 2 hormones that the posterior p gland secretes

Vasopressin (ADH) and oxytocin

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Vasopressin (ADH is used for? Oxytocin?

Transient diabetes insipidus and certain clotting disorders.

Induce labor, control postpartum hemorrhage and induce postpartum lactation

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What hormones are secreted by the thyroid?

Triiodothyronine (T3) and Tetra (T4) - there are iodine containing hormones. Also secretes calcitonin

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Thyroid hormones are important for

Energy metabolism, growth and developmental

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Thyroid hormones are synthesized from

from iodine and tyrosine. Therefore an adequate intake of iodine is necessary

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What are the different types of thyroid dysfunction

Hypo and hyperthyroidism

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What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism (myxedemia)

Puffiness of skin, excessive fatigue, headaches, weight gain, dry skin, sensitivity to cold, brittle nails

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What is the tx for hypothyroidism

Exogenous thyroid hormone:levothyroxine

What are the two forms of hyperthyroidism

- diffuse toxic goitre (graves disease) - younger | - toxic modular goitre (plummer disease) adult

What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism

Goitre, trouble sleeping, heat sensitivity, increased sweating, hand tremors, rapid heartbeat, fine brittle hair, weight loss, fatigue or muscle weakness

Dental manifestations of hyperthyroidism

Accelerated tooth eruption, diffuse mineralization of the jawbone, rapid perio

Treatments of hypothyroidism

Radioactive iodine, thyroidectomy, anti thyroid drugs - for those who cannot tolerate iodine and thyroidectomy

Mgmt of dental patients with thyroid disfunction

Increased sensitivity to pain, higher tolerance to CNS depressants

What are the pancreatic hormone

Insulin and glucagon

Difference between insulin and glucagon

I: promotes fuel storage into the body, glucose out of blood into the cells G: promotes fuel mobilization in the body, glucose into blood

Drugs that should be used with caution in diabetic patients

Epi, glucocorticosteroids, opioid analgesics

Symptoms of hypoglycemia

Sweating, weakness, nausea, mental confusion, incoherent speech

Tx of hypoglycemia

Conscious: give sugar Unconscious: IV dextrose (50%)

Tx of hyperglycaemia

ER, no insulin, dental office is not equipped

Oral antidiabetic agents

Sulfonylureas, biguanides, non-sulfonylurea, alpha glucosidase inhibitors, thiazolidenediones

An indication for sulfonylureas are?

Type 2 diabetes when diet and exercise become insufficient

What are adverse effects of sulfonylureas

GIT disturbances, liver damage

How do biguanides work and who are they used for

Used in lowering blood glucose but does not produce hypoglycemia alone, can be used in combo with insulin and sulfonylureas, they are used for type 2 diabetics

Non sulfonylureas is comparable to

Sulfonylurea in regards to blood glucose control, but less hypoglycemia

When are non-sulfonylureas should be talken

Taken with meals

How do alpha glucosidase inhibitors work

By slowing down the breakdown of ingested carbohydrates.

Adverse reactions of alpha glucosidase inhibitors

Flatulence

How do thiazolidenediones work

Increase insulin sensitivity of adipose tissue, skeletal tissue and liver

Side effects of thiazolidenediones

Weight gain and fluid retention

Where is glucagon produces

This polypeptide hormone is produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas

What are the two main female sex hormones

Estrogens and progestin

female hormones are secreted by

The ovaries

Female hormones are responsible for

Female sex characteristics, developing the reproductive system and preparing the reproductive system for conception

Estrogen is largely responsible for

Changes that occurs in puberty in girls

What is the most potent endogenous estrogen

17 beta estradiol

Synthetic estrogens are used for

Menstrual disturbances, osteoporosis, symptoms of menopause

Progestin is for

The preparation of conception in the reproductive system

Progestin is also used for symptom management of

Menopause

Hormonal contraceptives consist of

A combination of estrogen and progestin

Seasonale is

An extended cycle contraceptive

Drug interactions with hormonal contraceptives

Antibiotics

Dental considerations for those on hormonal contraceptives

Potential dry socket, candidiasis infections, monitor for gingivitis, gingival inflammation and perio, increased risk for thromboembolytic disease

What is the main male sex hormone

Androgen > tertosterone

Exogenous androgens are used for

Muscle gain

Side effects of exogenous androgens

Mood changes including aggression, and psychosis

Other Hormones Flashcards

(62 cards)