Other Systems Part Four

Question 1

what is hyponatremia

Answer 1

excess sodium

Question 2

causes of hyperkalemia

Answer 2

inadequate secretion with acute renal failure

kidney disease

metabolic acidosis

sickle cell anemia

Question 3

purpose of the accessory glands

Answer 3

prepare sperm for ejaculation

Question 4

what is contraindicated regarding shunts for dialysis

Answer 4

taking BP at the shunt site

Question 5

what is respiratory acidosis

Answer 5

CO2 retention

Question 6

what is dialysis dementia

Answer 6

signs of cerebral dysfunction as the result of long-standing years of dialysis treatment

Question 7

what is metabolic alkalosis

Answer 7

pH above 7.45

Question 8

symptoms of kidney stones

Answer 8

renal colic pain

lower quadrant pain

nausea/vomitting

Question 9

what is blood urea nitrogen

Answer 9

urea produced in the liver as a by-product of protein metabolism that is eliminated by kidneys

Question 10

symptoms of metabolic acidosis

Answer 10

weakness

muscular twitching

malaise

nausea

headache

dry skin

Question 11

what is dialysis

Answer 11

process of diffusing blood across a semi-permeable membrane for the purposes of removal of toxic substances

Question 12

purpose of renal pelvis (kidney)

Answer 12

drains kidney into lower urinary tract (bladder and urethra)

Question 13

what can metabolic acidosis lead to

Answer 13

stupor and coma

Question 14

what is hyperkalemia

Answer 14

excess potassium

Question 15

purpose of the golmerulus of the kidney

Answer 15

filters the blood and nephron tubules

Question 16

normal serum pH

Answer 16

7.35-7.45

Question 17

what is the glomerular filtration rate

Answer 17

amount of filtrate that is formed each minute as blood moves through the glomeruli

Question 18

when are blood urea nitrogen levels increased

Answer 18

increased protein intake

GI bleeding

dehydration

Question 19

causes of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 19

excess vomitting

excess diuretics

hypokalemia

peptic ulcer

excessive intake of antacids

Question 20

how is glomeruluar filtration rate accounted for

Answer 20

creatine levels in blood and pee

Question 21

what is respiratory alkalosis

Answer 21

diminished CO2

Question 22

what type of breathing is present with metabolic acidosis

Answer 22

hyperventilation

Question 23

what is stress incontinence

Answer 23

sudden release of urine due to increases in abdominal pressure (coughing, laughing, exercise)

or

weakness and laxity of pelvic floor musculature

Question 24

kidneys AKA

Answer 24

renal

Question 25

causes of hyponatremia

Answer 25

water intoxication excess ADH

Question 26

type of breathing with metabolic alkalosis

Answer 26

hypoventilation

Question 27

purpose of the urethra (males)

Answer 27

elimination of urine and semen

Question 28

purpose of ureter

Answer 28

moves urine

Question 29

what is uremia

Answer 29

end-stage toxic condition resulting from renal insufficiency and retention of nitrogenous waste in the blood

Question 30

what is metabolic acidosis

Answer 30

blood pH falls below 7.35

Question 31

what is urge incontinence

Answer 31

bladder begins contracting and urine is leaked after sensation of bladder fullness is perceived

Question 32

what is hypokalemia caused by

Answer 32

diarrhea vomit metabolic acidosis/alkalosis renal tubular disease

Question 33

kidney stones AKA

Answer 33

renal calculi

Question 34

symptoms of chronic prostatitis

Answer 34

urinary frequency and urgency myalgia arthralgia LBP/perianal pain

Question 35

purpose of the ductal system

Answer 35

stores and trasports sperm

Question 36

what is homeostasis regulated through

Answer 36

regulated through third mechanisms and renal function via circulating antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 37

what is an important gauge of renal function

Answer 37

glomerular filtration rate

Question 38

intervention for kidney stones

Answer 38

extracorporeal shocl wave lithotripsy

Question 39

what is hypokalemia

Answer 39

deficient potassium

Question 40

renal calculi AKA

Answer 40

kidney stones

Question 41

renal AKA

Answer 41

kidneys

Question 42

nonbacterial prostatis symptoms

Answer 42

LBP pain in dick, testicles, scrotum painful ejaculation decreaed libido

Question 43

purpose of bladder

Answer 43

collects urine

Question 44

respiratory alkalosis is associated with what type of breathing

Answer 44

hyperventilation

Question 45

causes of metabolic acidosis

Answer 45

diabetes renal insufficiency =/failure diarrhea

Question 46

what is endometriosis

Answer 46

ectopic growth and function of endometrial tissue oustide of the uterus

Question 47

what is dialysis disequilibrium

Answer 47

symptoms of nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, headache, and seizers rapid changes after beginning dialysis

Question 48

purpose of the testes

Answer 48

produce male sex hormones (testosterone) and spermazoa

Question 49

hypernatremia symptoms

Answer 49

circulatory congestion (pitting edema/weight gain) pulmonary edema HTN tachycardia

Question 50

what causes urge incontinence

Answer 50

detrusor muscle instability/hyperreflexia sensory instability (hypersensitive bladder)