Ovarian Cysts: Types

Question 1

What is the other condition that can cause pseudomyxoma peritonei?

Answer 1

Appendix cancer

Question 2

Which cyst is most likely to have skin, appendages, hair and teeth?

Answer 2

A Dermoid cyst

Question 3

What is the median age of diagnosis of a dermoid cyst?

Answer 3

30 years old

Question 4

What is pseudomyxoma peritonei?

Answer 4

A clinical condition caused by cancerous cells (mucinous adenocarcinoma) that produce abundant mucin or gelatinous ascites.[1] The tumors cause fibrosis of tissues and impede digestion or organ function, and if left untreated, the tumors and mucin they produce will fill the abdominal cavity. This will result in compression of organs and will destroy the function of colon, small intestine, stomach, or other organs.

Question 5

Which cysts arise from the ovarian epithelial surface?

Answer 5

Benign epithelial tumours

Question 6

• Commonest type of ovarian cyst
• Due to non-rupture of the dominant follicle or failure of atresia in a non-dominant follicle
• Commonly regress after several menstrual cycles

Answer 6

Follicular cysts

Question 7

What are the second most common cause of benign epithelial tumour?

Answer 7

Mucinous cystadenoma

Question 8

How can you remember that serous cystadenoma is the most common benign epithelial tumour?

Answer 8

Because it resembles the most common type of ovarian cancer - serous carcinoma.

Question 9

What % of dermoid cysts are bilateral?

Answer 9

10-20%

Question 10

Cysts are divided up into what categories?

Answer 10

1. Physiological (Functional) cysts
2. Benign germ cell tumours
3. Benign epithelial tumours
4. Benign sex cord stromal tumours.

Question 11

Name 2 types of physiological cysts (functional cysts)

Answer 11

1. Follicular cysts
2. Corpus luteum (Luteal) cysts.

Question 12

Name 2 types of benign epithelial tumours (arise from surface eipthelium of ovary).

Answer 12

1. Serous cystadenoma
2. Mucinous cystadenoma

Question 13

What is the natural course of a follicular cyst?

Answer 13

It usually regresses after several menstrual cycles.

Question 14

What is the most common benign epithelial tumour?

Answer 14

A serous cystadenoma

Question 15

What are the symptoms of a dermoid cyst?

Answer 15

It is usually asymptomatic

Question 16

What is the most common type of ovarian cyst?

Answer 16

A follicular cyst

Question 17

• The most common benign epithelial tumour which bears a resemblance to the most common type of ovarian cancer.
• Bilateral in around 20%

Answer 17

Serous Cystadenoma.

Most common type of ovarian cancer is serous carcinoma.

Question 18

• Second most common benign epithelial tumour
• They are typically large and may become massive
• If ruptures may cause pseudomyxoma peritonei

Answer 18

Mucinous cystadenoma

Question 19

Which cyst is more likely to present with intraperitoneal bleeding, a corpus luteum cyst or a follicular cyst?

Answer 19

A Corpus Luteum cyst

Question 20

Which cyst, if ruptures may cause pseudomyxoma peritonei?

Answer 20

A mucinous cystadenoma

Question 21

What is the cause of a follicular cyst?

Answer 21

It is due to either:

• Non-rupture of the dominant follicle
• Failureof atresia in a non-dominant folicle.

Question 22

What is the pathophysiology of a corpus luteum cyst?

Answer 22

If the corpus luteum doesn’t break down it can fill with blood or fluid and form a cyst.

Question 23

Which cyst is most likely to cause torsion?

Answer 23

A Dermoid cyst

Question 24

Serous cystadenomas are bilateral in what % of people?

Answer 24

20%

Question 25

What is the most common benign ovarian tumour in women \< 30 years of age?

Answer 25

Dermoid Cyst