overview of anatomy part 2 maintaining life.

Question 1

necessary life functions.

Answer 1

all living things need these things to live.

Question 2

maintaing boundaries

Answer 2

All humans must be able to maintain boundaries, meaning that the inside of the body is separated from the outside. The same principle applies to cells—each cell has a plasma membrane that separates the inside of the cell from the interstitial fluid (the fluid between cells). This membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell, allowing in useful substances and keeping harmful ones out.
Similarly, the human body is protected by the skin, which acts as an external barrier to prevent dangerous substances, organisms, or environmental threats from entering the body.

Question 3

responsivness

Answer 3

In our body, we must be able to sense changes (stimuli) and respond to them. This ability is called responsiveness. For example, if you touch a hot pan, your body quickly pulls your hand away—even before you consciously think about it. Another example is when you breathe in too much carbon dioxide; your body automatically increases your breathing rate to get rid of the excess gas. The nervous system plays a major role in responsiveness by detecting stimuli and coordinating quick reactions, but all cells have some level of responsiveness—for instance, white blood cells responding to infection.

Question 4

Digestion

Answer 4

is the process where the body breaks down food into simpler molecules (like glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids).
These molecules are then absorbed into the blood, which transports them to the body’s cells.
Once inside the cells, these nutrients are used for whatever

Question 5

metabolism

Answer 5

Metabolism refers to all the chemical reactions that take place in the body. These reactions include breaking down food in the digestive system, building larger structures from smaller ones, and using nutrients and oxygen to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate)—the main energy source for cells. Metabolism relies on the digestive and respiratory systems to supply nutrients and oxygen to the blood, and on the cardiovascular system to deliver these substances throughout the body. It is mainly controlled by hormones produced by the endocrine system.

Question 6

excretion

Answer 6

Excretion is the process of removing waste products (called excreta) from the body. Several organ systems are involved in this process. For example, the digestive system removes undigested food as feces, and the urinary system eliminates waste from the blood in the form of urine. The integumentary system (skin) also plays a role by releasing waste products like salts and water through sweat.

Question 7

reproduction

Answer 7

Reproduction can occur at both the cellular and organismal levels. At the cellular level, cell division results in one original cell dividing into two daughter cells, which can then be used for growth and repair. At the organismal level, reproduction involves the reproductive system, which produces sperm in males and eggs in females. When a sperm fertilizes an egg, a fertilized egg is formed and develops into a baby inside the mother’s body. The reproductive system is carefully regulated by hormones secreted by the endocrine system.

Question 8

Growth

Answer 8

Growth can refer to an increase in cell size or body size, which is typically achieved by an increase in the number of cells. For growth to occur, growing cells must divide faster than cells that are being destroyed. The endocrine system plays a crucial role in regulating growth, as it releases hormones that control the processes involved.