OXYGEN THERAPY AND NEBULIZATION Flashcards
(53 cards)
1
Q
Replenishes body’s O2 supply and eliminates CO2 from blood
A
Oxygenation
2
Q
Gaseous exchange between individual and environment
A
Respiration
3
Q
Processes in Respiration
A
- Ventilation - movement of air into and out of lungs
- Exchange of gases between lungs and blood
- Exchange of gases between blood and alveoli
- Transport of O2 and CO2 in blood
4
Q
exchanges of gases between cells and blood
A
Internal Respiration
5
Q
exchanges of gases between blood and alveoli
A
External Respiration
6
Q
temporary cessation of breathing
A
Apnea
7
Q
difficult or labored breathing
A
Dyspnea
8
Q
deep or fast breathing; inhaling more than exhaling; decreases CO2
A
Hyperventilation
9
Q
respiratory depression which leads to CO2 acidosis
A
Hypoventilation
10
Q
Normal breathing that is rhythmic and effortless
A
Eupnea
11
Q
Slow breathing, less than 12 bpm
A
Bradypnea
12
Q
Fast breathing, more than 20 bpm
A
Tachypnea
13
Q
Able to breathe when sitting in an upright position
A
Orthopnea ( with COPD )
14
Q
Upper RT
A
Nasal Cavity External Nose Pharynx Larynx Trachea
15
Q
Lower RT
A
Lungs
Bronchi
16
Q
Functions of upper RT
A
- Transports gases to LRT
- Protects LRT from foreign substances
- Warms, Filters and Humidifies inspired air
17
Q
Functions of LT
A
- Clearance mechanism: Cough reflex, mucociliary system, macrophages
- Immunologic Reactions or responses : Cell-mediated immunity in alveoli
- Pulmonary protection : Respiratory epithelium and Mucociliary System
18
Q
Lung Airway System
A
- Primary bronchi
- Secondary (Lobar) bronchi
- Tertiary (Segmental) bronchi
- Bronchioles
- Terminal Bronchioles
- Respiratory Bronchioles
- Alveolar ducts
- Alveoli
19
Q
Normal Ventilation VS. Child’s ventilation
A
12-20 bpm and 20-40 bpm
20
Q
Primary respiratory system which controls rhythm of respiration
A
Neurons located in medulla oblonggata
21
Q
Pons: Pneumotaxic center
A
controls the rhythmic quality of breathing
22
Q
Pons: Apneustic center
A
controls the deep prolonged inspiration
23
Q
LOW FLOW ADMINISTRATION DEVICES
A
- Nasal Cannula
- Simple Facemask
- Partial Rebreathing mask
- Non- Rebreathing mask
24
Q
HIGH FLOW ADMINISTRATION DEVICES
A
Venturi Mask
25
24-45 % ( 2-6 LPM )
Nasal Cannula
26
50-60% ( 5-8 LPM )
Simple Facemask
27
60-90% ( 6-10 LPM )
Partial Rebreathing mask
28
100%; 60-90%
Non- Rebreathing mask
29
28% ( 2-3 LPM )
Venturi Mask
30
Indications for O2 administration
```
Arterial Blood Gas analysis
Oximetry Monitoring
Clinical Examinations
1. Reduced arterial blood oxygen
2. Increased work breathing
3. Myocardial Workload ( decreased )
```
31
Hazards of O2 administration
1. Oxygen tonicity
2. Suppression of Ventilation
3. Combustion
32
Nasal prongs that deliver a selectively low flow of O2 when minimal O2 support is required
Nasal Cannula
33
Advantages for Nasal Cannula
- safe and simple
- comfortable & easily tolerated
- can be shaped to fit in any shaped
- effective for low O2 conc.
- allow movement, eating and talking
- inexpensive & disposable
34
Disadvantages for Nasal Cannula
- can't deliver more than 40 % or 6 LPM
- not for those w/ complete nasal obstruction
- headaches
- dry mucous membranes
- can dislodge easily
35
Mask that delivers oxygen flow to nose and mouth
Simple Facemask
36
Advantages for SFM
- delivers O2 conc. of 40-60%
37
Disadvantages for SFM
- Hot & confining
- irritate skin
- tight seal for high conc. that can cause discomfort
- interferes with talking & eating
- long - term
38
Has an inflatable bag which stores 100% conc.
Partial rebreather mask
39
Advantages for PRBM
- can deliver 40-60%
| - allow PX to inhale room air if O2 fails
40
Disadvantages for PRBM
- tight seal may cause discomfort
- interferes with eating and talking
- hot & confining
- causes kinks or twists
- impractical for long term therapy
41
Has an inflatable bag to store 100% O2 and a one-way valve that prevents exhaled air from entering the bag
Non-rebreather mask
42
Advantages for NRBM
- delivers highest percent of O2 60-90%
- effective for short-term therapy
- doesn't dry mucous membranes
- can be converted to PRBM
43
Disadvantages for NRBM
- can be a source of gas failure
- tight seal that can be difficult to maintain and may cause discomfort
- irritate patients skin
- impractical for long-term therapy
44
high flow device that delivers a fixed oxygen concentration of 24% to 50%. This device is appropriate for patients who have a hypoxic drive to breathe but also need supplemental oxygen
Venturi mask
45
Advantages for Venturi mask
- highly accurate O2 conc.
- dilute jets can be changed
- doesn't dry mucous membranes
- humidity or aerosol can be added
46
Disadvantages for Venturi Mask
- confining and can irritate skin
- O2 conc. are altered if mask is loose
- tubing kinks
- O2 ports can be blocked
- O2 flow is insufficient
- condensate may collect if humidification is used
47
Atmospherical Gases
O2- 21%
Nitrogen - 78%
Argon,Helium, CO2, Butane - 1%
48
Method for administration of drugs by spraying it into the respiratory passages, may be given with or without CO2
Nebulization
49
Device or machine used to change liquid medicine into a fine mist or droplet that are inhaled and delivered to the lungs through a mouthpiece/mask
Nebulizer
50
Purposes for Nebulization
- Open collapsed alveoli and deliver medicated aerosol
- Relieve shortness of breath
- Help expand lungs and loosen secretions
- Long term therapy for those with COPD
51
Indications for Nebulization
- for those who have difficulty in raising or expectorating respiratory secretions
- reduced vital capacity and less costly methhod for removing secretions
52
Contraindications for Nebulization
- inability of px to take deep breathes
| - adverse reactions with meds
53
Common side - effects `for Nebulization
- Tachycardia
- Palpitations
- Dry oral mucosa
- Dizziness
- Nervousness
- Nausea
