Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

534 > Oxygenation & Perfusion > Flashcards

Oxygenation & Perfusion Flashcards

1
Q

Arrhythmia

A

No heart rhythm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dysrhythimia

A FIB– atrium does not have contractile force

A

If symptomatic –> SOB
Chest Pain
Check for clotting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why more worried about V- fib?

A

Blood pressure is decreased, less blood to lungs and body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What organ is responsible for gas exchange in the body?

A

Alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is myocardial ischemia?

A

Lack of blood flow to heart –> turns off nutrition to heart –> tissues dying
Interventions: get to cath lab as fast as can to decrease tissue loss and scar tissue formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is angina?

A

Chest pain.
Men- present with chest pain and SOB
Women- presents differently, maybe not pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is retaining fluid a problem in heart failure?

A

Heart isn’t pumping it out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What needs effect cardiopulmonary?

A

Blood thinners

Inhalers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What factors are different in infants?

A

Airways short
RR = rapid and abdominal. (36)
Crackles normal
Landmarks less prominent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Respiratory function in older adult

A 
Bonylandmarks less prominent
Kyphosis
Barrel chest
Tissues and airways more rigid
Increased risk for disease esp. Pneumonia (from decreased pneumonia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Vesicular Breath Sounds
Bronchial
Bronchiovesicular

A

Low-pitched, soft sounds during expiration

B: High pitched and longer. Over trachea

Bronchioles ocular: upper anterior chest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Difference between crackles and wheezes

A

Crackles = fluid. Inhalation

Wheezes= expiration from constriction of airway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

To promote comfort in Resp patients

A 
Position- full fowler so
Maintain fluid intake--> thins out mucus
Good nutrition
Pacing physical activities --> 
Humidified air --> less dry and irritating
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Metered dose inhaler

A

Gives certain dose of medicine each puff

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Types of artificial airways

A 
Oropharyngeal
Nasopharyngeal
Endotracheal- 
Tracheostomy- for long term vent patients 
 -cuff less & cuffed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the process of ventilation?

A

Movement of air in and out

  • active inspiration (diaphragm contracts and descends –> lengthens cavity –> increases lung volume –> decreases lung pressure –> air goes to lower pressure from outside lungs)
  • passive expiration (diaphragm retracts, pressure increases)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is respiration vs internal respiration?

A

Resp: Process of gas exchange. O2 in –> CO2 out via diffusion

Internal: exchange in circulating blood and tissue cells
Os to Toes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Deficiency of O2 in blood (usually from decreased respiration)

19
Q

Hypercapnia

A

Excess Co2 in blood

  • exhilaration
  • decreased respiration
20
Q

What can amuse alveolar hypo ventilation

A 
Spinal cord dysfunction (MS, ALS, Injury)
Respiratiory Dysfunction (CNS depression)
Upper airway structural problems (obstructions or swelling)
Lower airway structural problems (ribs, obesity, emphysema/asthma)
21
Q

What causes Ventilation and Perfusion mismatching? (V/Q)
Ex breathing fine but alveoli not working
Either blood flow is limited or blocked but airway is proficient
Air flow block but blood flow fine

A

Pulmonary edema- fluid accumulates in alveoli
Atelectasis (collapse of lung –> won’t get air to blood)
Pneumonia– lungs filled with puss, alveoli can’t work well
COPD- alveoli not working
Asthma -

22
Q

Diagnostic Tests * LOOK UP*

A 
Chest X-Ray
 Bronchoscopy 
Chest CT 
Spiral chest CT
V/Q scan
23
Q

What are clinical manifestations of

A 
Restlessness
Agitation
Confusion
Impaired judgement
Tachycardia
Bounding pulse 
HTN
Dysrhythmias 
Cool clammy skin
Active accessory muscles/ 
Cyanosis
24
Q

A nurse caring for a patient with COPD knows that hypoxia may occur in patients with respiratory problems. what are the signs of this serious condition?

A 
Dyspnea (difficulty breathing)
Small pulse pressure with elevated BP
pallor
Cyanosis
increased pulse rate
increased respiratory rate
  • hypoxia may occur from problems with ventilation, respiration, or perfusion
  • inadequate amount of oxygen is available to cells
25
Q

What condition would a nurse anticipate the need for a nasal trumpet while suctioning the Nasopharyngeal airway of a patient to maintain patency?

A

Epistaxis (nose bleed)

nasal tumpets protet the nasal mucosa from further trauma related to suctioning. epistaxis is a sign

26
Q

a nurse is inserting an oropharyngeal airway for a pt who vomits when it is inserted. what action would be the first that should be taken?

A

immediately position the patient on his or her side to prevent aspiration,

  1. remove the oral airway
  2. suction the mouth if needed
27
Q

a nurse is choosing a catheter to use to suction a pt endotracheal tube via na open system. which variable does the nurse base the size of the catheter?

A

base the size of suctioning catheter on the size of the endotracheal tube.
external diameter of the catheter should not exceed half the internal diameter of ednotracheal tube.
larger catheters can contribute to trauma and hypoxemia

28
Q

16 yr old male hopitalizedfor an acute asthma exacerbation. which methods might the nurse use to measure the patients Oxygen saturation?

A

pulse oximetry- obtain baseline information about the patients oxygen saturation level
Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR)- used for asthma
spirometry- monitor health status of pt with respiratory disorders

29
Q

PT with COPD cannot complete ADLs. what nursing diagnosis describes alteration in oxygenation as etiology?

A

Fatigue r/t impaired oxygen transport system.

30
Q

what measures of teaching would nurse recommend to pt in long term care facility with asthma & COPD

A

reduce anxiety
eat a high-protein/ high calorie diet
maintain a high-Fowlers position when possible –> most comfortable for people with dyspnea and orthopnea
meals taken 1-2 hours after breathing treatments and exercises
drink 2-3 quarts of clear fluids daily
pace physical activities and schedule frequent rest periods to conserve energy

31
Q

what position would be best for postural drainage of right lobe of lung?

A

lying on the left side with a pillow under the chest wall t.

high fowlers to drain apical sections of upper lobes

trendelenburg to drain lower lobes

posterior section of upper lobes– lying half on the abdomen and half on the side.

32
Q

meter dosed inhaler

A

continue to inhale when the cold propellant is in throat
only inhale one spray with one breath
active the device while continuing to inhale

33
Q

what should a nurse expect with a patient recieving oxygen through a nasal cannula with chronic lung disease?

A

rate is no more than 2-3 L min because it may destroy the hypoxic drive that stimulates repsirations.
o2 delivered at low rates doesnt not always have to be humidified
arteriol blood gases are not required at regular intervals to determine the flow rate

34
Q

What action would a nurse take if pts endotracheal tube changes depth during retaping.

A

remove the tape and djust the depth to the ordered depth and reapply tape
*should be maintained at the same level unless ordered by the physician

35
Q

What is safe technique when using a portable oxygen cylinder

A

check the cylinder befroe using to ensure enough oxygen is available for the patient.
should not be 500 psi or less –> not enough oxygen reamins for a patient transfer
-if not secured properly –> may injusre patient
-o2 flow is discontinued by turning the valve clockwise until tight

36
Q

What would be the first action if a pt chest tube has become sparated from the drainage device

A

put on gloves, put in sterile saline or water

  • creates a water seal until new draiage unit can be attached
  • THEN assess vital signs and notify physician
37
Q

How to use manual resuscitation bag

A

tilt pts head back, pull jaw forward, airway clear, mask held tightly over the patients nose and mouth
-compress at a rate that approximates normal respiratory rate

38
Q

what interventions does a nurse perform while tracheal suctioning?

A
  • assess patient before, during, and after the procedure
  • hyperoxygenate before and after suctioning
  • limit application to 10-20 seconds
  • take pulse frequently to detect effects of hypoxia and stimulation of vagus nerve
  • suction pressure 80-150 mm Hg (prevents atelectasis)
  • insert no further than 1cm past the length of the tracheal tube
39
Q

what are risks associated with traceal suctioning?

A 
hypoxia
infection
tracheal tissue/mucosa damage
dysrhythmias
atelectasis
loss of cilia
edema, fibrosis in trach
40
Q

What factors are essential to normal functioning of respiratory system?

A
  • integrity of airways system (air to and from lungs)
  • functioning alvelolar system (oxygenates venous blood & removes CO2 from blood)
  • functioning cardiovascular and hematologic systems(carry nutrients and wastes to and from body cells)
41
Q

what factors influence diffusion of gases in lungs?

A

surface area available
thickness of alveolar-capillary membrane
partial pressures
solubility and molecular weight of gas

42
Q

what makes the right lung easier to intubate?

A

it has 3 lobes

43
Q

what happens in lower airway?

A

production of pulmonary surfactant

muco cilliary clearance

534 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions