P&L: Definitive Collection

Question 1

List three types of health professionals who may be present in a genetics team

Answer 1

• Psychologist
• Clinical geneticist
• Genetic counsellor

Question 2

Interprofessional collaboration vs Interprofessional learning

Answer 2

Interprofessional Collaboration: different healthcare disciplines working together
Professionalization learning: teaching students the importance of their role (and others) within the wider healthcare system

Question 3

What are the 5As of brief interventions?

Answer 3

1. Ask
2. Assess
3. Advise
4. Assist
5. Aarrange

Question 4

Describe the first A of the brief intervention model: Ask

Answer 4

Determine whether the patient has the risk factor (i.e., do you smoke?).

Question 5

Describe the second A of the brief intervention model: Assess

Answer 5

• Level of risk + impact on individual
• Readiness to change
• Health literacy

Question 6

Describe the third A of the brief intervention model: Advise

Answer 6

• Explain risk to patient
• Recommend that they mitigate this risk (in whatever way is relevant to this particular risk)
• If the patient is keen to make a change, you might provide them with some resources to help them do so

Question 7

What are the five stages of change?

Answer 7

• Pre-contemplation
• Contemplation
• Preparation-action
• Maintenance
• Relapse

Question 8

What are the three members of the interdisciplinary genetics team?

Answer 8

• Clinical geneticist
• Genetics counsellor
• Psychologist

Question 9

Cardiac blues vs depression: two differences factors

Answer 9

1. Cardiac blues typically improves after 2-3 months as the patient comes to terms with their condition
2. In patients with “red-flag” (living alone, low socioeconomic status, mental health history), it is more likely to be depression.

Question 10

Criminal vs civil law

Answer 10

Civil: dispute between two parties
Criminal: the state charges a person/entity

Question 11

What are the thre main elements of negligence

Answer 11

You:
- Have a duty of care
- Breach the duty of care, and in doing so…
- Harm the person whom you should have been caring for

Question 12

What determines what a “breach of duty of care” is?

Answer 12

What other reasonable doctors with the same level of qualification would have done in your position

Question 13

How do you avoid getting sued as a doctor?

Answer 13

• Always obtain consent
• Don’t breach your duty of care
• Do what another reasonable doctor would do
• If in doubt, call lawyer/insurer

Question 14

When is consent valid in the context of medical treatment?

Answer 14

• The person has capacity
• They give consent freely and voluntarily
• Consent relates to proposed treatment

Question 15

Is an adult assumed to have capacity?

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

What are the 2 criteria necessary for someone to have capacity to make decisions?

Answer 16

• They can understand and store information
• They can use that information when making decisions

Question 17

True or false: a person with capacity cannot make decisions that others disagree with

Answer 17

False.

Question 18

Can damages for occupational lung disease be paid after death? What are the implications of this?

Answer 18

• No, they can’t
• Refer to legal advice if a patient has a terminal condition

Question 19

What two kinds of compensation are available for patients with occupational lung disease?

Answer 19

• Worker’s compensation (when exposure occurred in work place)
• Common law: through the courts.

Question 20

What medical evidence is necessary to provide a claim?

Answer 20

• Diagnosis
• Causation from exposure
• Loss/impairment/life expectancy
• Expenses that will arise in future