P1-Energy

Question 1

Name the different energy stores (8)

Answer 1

• Chemical
• Kinetic
• Gravitational Potential (GPE)
• Thermal energy (Internal)
• Elastic Potential (EPE)
• Magnetic
• Nuclear
• Electrostatic

Question 2

What is a magnetic energy store?

Give 3 examples

Answer 2

The energy stored when repelling poles have been pushed closer together or when attracting poles have been pulled further apart

Fridge magnets, compasses, maglev trains

Question 3

What is a thermal (internal) energy store?

Give 3 examples

Answer 3

The total kinetic energy of the particles in an object

Human bodies, hot coffees, stoves or hobs,
-anything above absolute 0

Question 4

What is a chemical energy store?

Give 3 examples

Answer 4

The energy stored in chemical bonds

Foods, Muscles, Batteries

Question 5

What is a kinetic energy store?

Give 3 examples

Answer 5

The energy of a moving object

Cars, Comets, Runners

Question 6

What is an electrostatic energy store?

Give 2 examples

Answer 6

The energy stored when repelling charges have been moved closer together or when attracting charges have been pulled further apart

Thunderclouds, Van De Graaff generators

Question 7

What an elastic potential energy (EPE) store?

Give 3 examples

Answer 7

The energy stored when an object is stretched or squashed

Stretched elastic bands, Inflated Balloons, Compressed springs

Question 8

What is a gravitational potential energy (GPE) store?

Give 3 examples

Answer 8

The energy of an object at height

Aeroplanes, Kites, Mug on a table

Question 9

What is a nuclear energy store?

Give 2 examples

Answer 9

The energy stored in the nucleus of an atom

Radioactive elements, Nuclear reactors

Question 10

List the 4 different ways energy can be transferred

Answer 10

• Mechanical work
• Electrical work
• Heating
• Radiation

Question 11

Describe mechanical work

Answer 11

A force moving an object through a distance

Question 12

Describe electrical work

Answer 12

A charge moving due to a potential difference-energy is transferred in a circuit.

Question 13

Describe heating

Answer 13

An increase in thermal energy caused electrically or by chemical reaction

Question 14

Describe radiation

Answer 14

Energy transferred as a wave

Question 15

What are the 2 energy flow diagrams?

Answer 15

• Transfer diagrams
• Sankey diagrams

Question 16

What energy flow diagram shows how much energy is transferred to each source?

Answer 16

Sankey diagram

Question 17

What is the principle of conservation of energy?

Answer 17

Energy cannot be created or destroyed

Question 18

What are the two energy systems?

Answer 18

Open and closed systems

Question 19

What is a closed system?

Answer 19

An system in which no energy transfers take place out side of or into the energy stores of the system

Question 20

What is energy transferred also called?

Answer 20

Work done

Question 21

What is the equation linking work done, force and distance

Answer 21

work done = force applied x distance moved
W=Fd

Question 22

What is the unit of measurement used for work done?

Answer 22

joules
J

Question 23

What is the unit of measurement used for force?

Answer 23

newtons
N

Question 24

What is the unit of measurement used for distance?

Answer 24

metres
m

Question 25

What is the formula for gravitational potential energy (GPE)?

Answer 25

change in GPE = mass x gravitational field strength x change in height ΔEₚ = mgΔh

Question 26

What is the unit of measurement used for mass?

Answer 26

kilograms kg

Question 27

What is the formula for kinetic energy?

Answer 27

kinetic energy = 1/2 x mass x velocity² Eₖ = 1/2 mv²

Question 28

What is the unit of measurement used for velocity?

Answer 28

metres per second m/s

Question 29

What is the formula for elastic potential energy (EPE) also called Hooke's law?

Answer 29

elastic potential energy = 1/2 x spring constant x extension² Eₑ = 1/2ke²

Question 30

What are the units of measurement used for the spring constant?

Answer 30

newtons per metre N/m

Question 31

What are the 2 energy types?

Answer 31

Useful energy Wasted energy

Question 32

What happens to wasted energy?

Answer 32

It dissiapates

Question 33

What is the formula for % efficacy of energy?

Answer 33

%efficiency=(useful energy/total energy) x 100

Question 34

What is the formula for power?

Answer 34

power = energy transferred/time P = E/t

Question 35

What is the unit of measurement used for power?

Answer 35

watts W

Question 36

What is the formula for % efficacy of power?

Answer 36

%efficiency=(useful power out /total power in) x 100

Question 37

What affects the energy transfer/second through a layer of insulating material?

Answer 37

* The temperature difference * The material thickness * The material thermal conductivity

Question 38

What radiation do all objects emit?

Answer 38

Infrared radiation

Question 39

What part of the visible spectrum is infrared radiation?

Answer 39

Just beyond the red part

Question 40

What colour absorbs and emits infrared radiation the best?

Answer 40

Black

Question 41

In what circumstance does the temperature of an object increase due to radiation?

Answer 41

When it absorb more radiation than it emits

Question 42

What is the definition of specific heat capacity?

Answer 42

The amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1°C (J/kg/°C)

Question 43

What is the formula for thermal energy transferred involving specific heat capacity?

Answer 43

energy transferred = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change ΔE=mcΔθ

Question 44

What is the unit of measurement used for temperature?

Answer 44

degrees Celsius °C

Question 45

List Renewable energy sources

Answer 45

* Wind energy * Wave energy * Hydroelectric energy * Tidal energy * Solar energy * Geothermal energy * Biomass

Question 46

List Non-renewable energy sources

Answer 46

* Nuclear * Fossil fuels

Question 47

List advantages of Nuclear power

Answer 47

No greenhouse gases produced High amount of energy/kg of uranium Cheap

Question 48

List disadvantages of Nuclear power

Answer 48

Radioactive waste has to be stored safely for centuries If something goes wrong there are catastrophic consequences

Question 49

List advantages of Renewable energy sources

Answer 49

* They will never run out * They don't produce greenhouse gases * They don't create radioactive waste products * They can be used where connection to the national grid is uneconomical

Question 50

List disadvantages of Renewable energy sources

Answer 50

Not currently able to keep up with energy demands Wind turbines create sound and visual pollution Hydroelectric schemes and Tidal barrages affect wildlife Solar cells take up a large land area Some renewable energy sources aren't reliable-can't produce energy at some times