P1 - Energy

Question 1

What is the independent variable in the specific heat capacity experiment?

Answer 1

independent variable – material

Question 2

What is the dependent variable in the specific heat capacity experiment?

Answer 2

dependent variable – specific heat capacity

Question 3

What is the control variable in the specific heat capacity experiment?

Answer 3

control variables – insulating layer, initial temperature, time taken

Question 4

What is the equation for kinetic energy?

Answer 4

kinetic energy = 1⁄2 x mass × speed2

Question 5

What is the equation for gravitational potential energy?

Answer 5

gravitational potential energy = mass x gravitational field strength x
height

Question 6

What is the elastic potential energy equation?

Answer 6

elastic potential energy = 1⁄2 × spring constant × extension2

Question 7

What is the equation for a change in thermal energy?

Answer 7

change in thermal energy = mass × specific heat capacity × temperature
change

Question 8

What energy store do Moving objects have?

Answer 8

Kinetic

Question 9

Thermal energy is….

Answer 9

heat energy

Question 10

What is chemical energy?

Answer 10

Anything that can release energy
during a chemical reaction.

Question 11

What is elastic potential energy?

Answer 11

Things that are stretched.

Question 12

What is nuclear energy?

Answer 12

The nucleus of an atom releases

Energy.

Question 13

Energy can be transferred in the following ways:

Answer 13

Mechanical
Eletrically
Heating

Question 14

Conservation of energy means….

Answer 14

Energy can never be created or destroyed, just transferred from one form
to another.

Question 15

the two power equation

Answer 15

power = energy transferred ÷ time or power = work done ÷ time

Question 16

What is conduction?

Answer 16

Conduction – when a solid is heated, the particles vibrate and collide
more, and the energy is transferred.

Question 17

What is convection?

Answer 17

Convection – when a liquid or a gas is heated, the particles move faster.
This means the liquid or gas becomes less dense.

Question 18

What does insulation do?

Answer 18

Insulation – reduces the amount of heat lost.

Question 19

Types of insulation

Answer 19

• thick walls;
• thermal insulation, such as:
• loft insulation (reducing convection);
• cavity walls (reduces conduction and convection);
• double glazing (reduces conduction).

Question 20

What is efficiency?

Answer 20

total input energy transfer

Question 21

Give renewable resources

Answer 21

Solar, wind, biofuels etc

Question 22

What are non-renewable resources?

Answer 22

Non-renewable – coal, oil, gas - they will all run out, they damage the environment, but provide most of the energy.

Question 23

State the 8 energy stores

Answer 23

Magnetic
Internal
Chemical
Kinetic
Electrostatic
Gravitational potential
Elastic potential
Nuclear

Question 24

What are the four energy transfers?

Answer 24

Mechanical work
Electrical work
Heating
Radiation

Question 25

What equation is used to calculate gravitational potential energy?

Answer 25

GPE = m g h

Question 26

What equation is used to calculate kinetic energy?

Answer 26

KE = 1⁄2 m v2

Question 27

What equation is used to calculate energy efficiency?

Answer 27

efficiency = useful output total input

Question 28

What equation is used to calculate work done?

Answer 28

W = F d

Question 29

What equation defines Hooke’s law?

Answer 29

F = k e

Question 30

What is defined as the energy required to increase the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1oC?v

Answer 30

specific heat capacity

Question 31

What are the three methods of heating?

Answer 31

conduction convection radiation

Question 32

What type of heating only occurs in solids?

Answer 32

conduction

Question 33

What is transferred when particles bump into each other?

Answer 33

energy

Question 34

What do metals have that make them good conductors?

Answer 34

delocalised electrons

Question 35

Is nuclear power renewable or non- renewable?

Answer 35

non-renewable

Question 36

What are the three fossil fuels?

Answer 36

coal oil gas

Question 37

Give three examples of renewable energy resources.

Answer 37

geothermal wind solar hydroelectricity tidal

Question 38

What energy resource is produced by controlling the flow of water through a turbine?

Answer 38

hydroelectricity

Question 39

What is described as the point beyond which Hooke's law is no longer true when stretching a material?

Answer 39

limit of proportionality

Question 40

Describe the relationship between force and extension for objects that obey Hooke’s law.

Answer 40

directly proportional

Question 41

Give two disadvantages of fossil fuels.

Answer 41

non-renewable resource – will run out, combustion of fossil fuels increases CO2 emissions, extraction of fuels damages landscape and habitats.

Question 42

Give one advantage of fossil fuels.

Answer 42

releases energy quickly, can be used in vehicles as well as power stations, can respond to demand and increase electricity produced, reliable

Question 43

Give two disadvantages of wind turbines.

Answer 43

will only produce electricity when there is wind (unpredictable), spoils the view (visual pollution), noisy (noise pollution), expensive to set up