P3

Question 1

biofuel

Answer 1

any fuel taken from living or recently living materials, such as animal waste

Question 2

carbon-neutral

Answer 2

a biofuel from a living organism that takes in as much carbon dioxide from the atmosphere as is released when the fuel is burned

Question 3

geothermal energy

Answer 3

energy released by radioactive substances deep within the Earth

Question 4

national grid

Answer 4

the network of cables and transformers used to transfer electricity from power stations to consumers (i.e., homes, shops, offices, factories etc.)

Question 5

nuclear fuel

Answer 5

substance used in nuclear reactors that releases energy due to nuclear fission

Question 6

nucleus

Answer 6

tiny positively charged object composed of protons and neutrons at the centre of every atom

Question 7

reactor core

Answer 7

the thick steel vessel used to contain fuel rods, control rods and the moderator in a nuclear fission reactor

Question 8

renewable energy

Answer 8

energy from natural sources that is always being replenished so it never runs out

Question 9

Fossil fuel

Answer 9

Coal, gas,oil
Non renewable(millions of years to form)
Cheap convenient
Releases CO2 contribute to global warming
Sulphur dioxide causes acid rain

Question 10

Nuclear

Answer 10

Uranium and plutonium are used as the source of energy in nuclear fusion
Non renewable
Risk of melt down
Radioactive waste need to be stored

Question 11

Renewable energy

Answer 11

Will never run out

Are either replenished immediately or replenished quickly

Question 12

Biomass

Answer 12

Biological material
Heat energy released when biofuels are burnt is used to generate electricity in a small scale or to heat building directly
Biofuels are carbon neutral (absorbs CO2 when growing)

Question 13

Tidal

Answer 13

Can produce a large amount of electricity in a reliable way
Expensive to built
Built near estuary

Question 14

Hydroelectric

Answer 14

Reservoir from water goes through a turbine built in a dam

Negative social and environmental effects

Large amount of electricity whithout release of CO2 in an reliable way

Question 15

Pumped storage

Answer 15

When the demand for electricity is low, excess energy from other sources is used to drive the generators in reverse, which causes water to be pumped back into the upper reservoir

Then it can be released back down when demand for electricity is higher

Question 16

Wind

Answer 16

The higher the wind speed, the greater the rate at which the kinetic energy will be converted into electrical energy inside the generator of the turbine

Renewable

Unreliable

Environmental and visual impact

Question 17

Solar

Answer 17

Sun light hit on solar cell used directly for the generation of electricity

Unreliable

Question 18

Geothermal

Answer 18

Clean and renewable

Water or steam heated naturally by process within the earth’s crust and below for generation of electricity (or direct heating of buildings)

Only can be used in small number of countries