P7.2 - The Discovery Of The Nucleus (Almost finished) Flashcards

1
Q

What were the results from the Rutherford experiment?

A
  • Most alpha particles passed straight through?
  • A small number were deflected
  • 1 in 10000 were deflected by over 90 °
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2
Q

Why was the gold foil experiment in a vacuum?

A

To prevent the air absorbing alpha particles

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3
Q

What did the gold foil experiment tell R?

A

The gold foil experiment told R that there is a nucleus at the centre of every atom that is much smaller than the atom and where most of the mas of the atom is located

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4
Q

What did the fact that most alpha particles passed through the gold foil but some were deflected tell us about the atom?

A

Because most particles passed through the gold foil we know that atoms are mostly empty space but have a concentrated mass in the centre

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5
Q

What did the fact that some particles were deflected tell Rutherford?

A

As some particles in the gold foil experiment were deflected back Rutherford knew that the centre of an atom has a positive charge as it repelled positive a particles

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6
Q

What did the plumb pudding model predict would happen in the gold foil experiment?

A

The plumb puding model predicted that alpha particles would pass right through the sheet of gold foil or be deflected slightly

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7
Q

What model of the atom resulted from the alpha particle scattering experiment?

A

A positively charged nucleus surrounded by a cloud of negative electrons - the plumb pudding model suggested by JJ Thomson

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8
Q

Why was Rutherford’s nuclear model quickly accepted?

A
  • As it agreed with the measurements Geiger and Marsden made
  • predicted the existence of the neutron, later discovered
  • Explained radioactivity
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9
Q

What dod John Dalton say?

A

John Dalton said that matter was made up of tiny spheres “atoms” that could not be broken up. But every element was made of a different type of atom

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10
Q

What did J.J. Thomson discover?

A

JJ Thomson discovered particles called electrons that could be removed from atoms

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11
Q

What dod Niels Bohr say?

A

Iels Bohr said that electrons orbited atoms in shells/energy levels

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12
Q

What did James Chadwick discover?

A

James Chadwick proved the existence of the neutron, explaining the imbalance between the atomic and mass numbers

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13
Q

What did most a-scattering experiments show?

A

Most of them showed that the hydrogen nucleus had the least amount of charge and the charge of any nucleus is shared equally between a whole number of smaller particles (protons)

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