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From Flashcardlet > PA A&P Eye > Flashcards

PA A&P Eye Flashcards

1
Q

color part of the eye

A

iris

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2
Q

white part of the eye

A

sclera

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3
Q

2 holes that drain tears

A

lacrimal punctum

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4
Q

tears drain into __ after they leave lacrimal punctum

A

canaliculus and then lacrimal sac

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5
Q

tears drain into ___ after they leave lacrimal sac

A

inferior meatus via the nasolacrimal duct

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6
Q

t/f there is a baseline of tear production

A

t

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7
Q

what is transmitted in the optic canal?

A

optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

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8
Q

what conveys other nerves and vessels which supply the orbital contents and the face?

A

superior orbital fissure

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9
Q

__ is continuous posteriorly with the pterygopalatine fossa and inferiorly with the infratemporal fossa

A

inferior orbital fissure

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10
Q

what nerve runs their the floor of the inferior orbital fissure and a component of it passes into the infraorbital sulcus and emerges onto the face at the infraorbital foramen

A

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

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11
Q

what bones protect the orbit laterally?

A

frontal and zygomatic bones

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12
Q

condition where you lose sympathetic input to the head and can’t keep eyelids open, partial ptosis.

A

horner’s syndrome

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13
Q

what muscle encircles the eye, and component of the muscle within the eyelids act to close the eye

A

orbicularis oculi

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14
Q

__ serve a protective function and within them are the MEIBOMIAN glands which secrete an oily substance which lubricates the lid margins and prevents tears from overflowing onto the face.

A

tarsal plates

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15
Q

__ is a thin, translucent mucous membrane that lines the inner surface of the eyelids and which is reflected at the fornices to cover the anterior surface of the eye.

A

conjunctiva

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16
Q

__ is firmly attached to the underlying tarsal plates and it is highly vascular

A

palpebral conjunctiva

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17
Q

what is loosely attached to the sclera, avascular and translucent. over the corena, this thing consists only of a layer of epithelium

A

ocular conjunctiva

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18
Q

__ a thin membrane that arises from the orbital periosteum along the entire rim of the orbit

A

orbital septum

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19
Q

__ a thin fibrous capsule that covers the external surface of the eye fro the optic nerve posteriorly to near to corneal-scleral junction anteriorly

A

bulbar fascia (tenon’s capsule)

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20
Q

_ is pierved by the tendons of the extraocular muscles and is reflected backwards around each muscle to provide a sheath.

A

bulbar fascia

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21
Q

__ ligaments help anchor the tarsal plates within the orbit

A

medial and lateral palpebral ligaments

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22
Q

what muscles attached to the superior tarsal plate

A

levator palpebrae superioris

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23
Q

what ganglion is located in the orbit?

A

ciliary ganglion

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24
Q

what is located between the iris and suspensory ligaments

A

posterior chamber

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25
Q

secretes aqueous humor

A

ciliary processes of ciliary body

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26
Q

what is in direct line with lens, most accurate vision

A

fovea centralis

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27
Q

part of the iris under parasympathetic control, constricts and cause pupil to gets smaller

A

sphincter pupillae

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28
Q

part of the iris under sympathetic control

A

dilator pupillae

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29
Q

external fibrous tunic contains __

A

cornea and sclear

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30
Q

middle vascular tunic contains __

A

choroids, ciliary body and iris

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31
Q

internal nervous tunic contains __

A

retina

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32
Q

a biconvex disc approximately 1 cm in diameter, is enclosed in a capsula and is attached to the ciliary body by way of suspensory ligaments

A

lens

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33
Q

contraction of the ____ results in relaxation of the suspensory ligaments and due to the inherent tendency of the lengs to “round up”, the lens become more convex

A

ciliary musculature

34
Q

the process of altering the convexity of lens to bring objects into focus on the retina

A

accommodation

35
Q

what circulates from the posterior chamber, through the pupil and into the anterior chamber

A

aqueous humor

36
Q

at the __, the aqueous humor is drained into the sinus venosus sclera and then into the venous system

A

iridocorneal angle

37
Q

blockage of the drainage system produces excessive intaocular pressure

A

glaucoma

38
Q

t/f cornea is vascular

A

f

39
Q

__ enters the orbit through the optic foramen and closely follows the nasociliary nerve

A

ophthalmic artery

40
Q

__ supplies the gland and branches from it supply some of the adjacent eyelid

A

lacrimal artery

41
Q

what artery supplies the choroidal layer

A

long and short posterior ciliary artery, branch from the ophthalmic artery

42
Q

what exits the orbit through the medially situated ethmoid foramina and supply the superior aspects of the inner nose

A

anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries

43
Q

what is the terminal branch of the ophthalmic artery

A

dorsal nasal artery

44
Q

what supplies the lacrimal sac and adjacent skin of the nose and anastomoses with adjacent branches of the facial artery

A

dorsal nasal artery

45
Q

end branches of the __ supply parts of the forehead

A

supraorbital and supratrobhlear arteries

46
Q

what artery travels WITHIN the optic nerve

A

central artery of retina

47
Q

__ first branch of the ophthalmic artery and is given off close to the optic canal

A

central artery of the retina

48
Q

__ pierces the dura and runs within the optic nerve

A

central artery

49
Q

after passing through the cribriform plate of the sclera, __ divides into 4 major branches

A

optic nerve

50
Q

__ drains the eyes and orbit and have important connections with the facial vein, pterygoid plexus, and cavernous sinus

A

superior and inferior ophthalmic veins

51
Q

superior and inferior ophthalmic veins are valve/valvess

A

valveless (page 10 of the notes) so blood flow can go in either direction

52
Q

the eye drains mainly through the

A

vortex veins

53
Q

__ is lateral to optic disc

A

macula

54
Q

depression in macula, avascular, most accurate visual, in line with the lens

A

fovea centralis

55
Q

best acuity and color vision

A

fovea centralis

56
Q

to maintain the retina, it must be oxygenated by 2 arterial sources

A

the central artery of the retina and ciliary arteries

57
Q

where is the ciliary arteries location

A

in the choroid layer

58
Q

what happens in retinal detachment?

A

neural layers separate and loses blood supply and it dies

59
Q

which receptors in the eye do not receive direct blood supply? they get their nutrients and goodies from diffusion?

A

photoreceptors

60
Q

what surrounds the optic canal and is formed by the 4 recti muscles?

A

common tendinous ring

61
Q

what nerves are in the common tendinous ring?

A

optic nerve, nasociliary nerve, ocuolmotor nerve, and abducens

62
Q

what nerves are in the superior orbital fissure?

A

frontal nerve, trochlear nerve, lacrimal nerve

63
Q

which nerves are in common tendinous ring AND superior orbital fissure?

A

nasociliary, oculomotor and abducens

64
Q

which nerves in the superior orbital fissure are branches of V1 of trigeminal nerve?

A

Frontal, lacrimal and nasociliary

She told us to go figure this out in the video

65
Q

what veins are in the superior orbital fissure?

A

superior ophthalmic vein and inferior ophthalmic vein

66
Q

optic canal contants __

A

optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

67
Q

what muscle is innervated by trochlear nerve?

A

superior oblique (SO4)

68
Q

what muscle is innervated by abducens nerve?

A

lateral rectus

69
Q

what muscles are innervated by oculomotor nerve?

A

levator palpebrae superioris, superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique

70
Q

to test the superior oblique muscle, the patient is asked to look __

A

down

71
Q

to test the inferior oblique musle, the patient is asked to look __

A

up

72
Q

__ nerve is the only CN to emerge from the brain dorsally. it emerges medially near the mid-brain pontine junction and passes laterally around the cerebral peduncle, it then continues anteriorly through the lateral wall of the cavernous sines and enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure passing above the common tendinous ring

A

trochlear nerve

73
Q

lateral rectus adducts/abducts the eye

A

abducts

74
Q

__ nerve emerges from the grove between the pons and medulla, courses anteriorly and pierces the dura at the clivus in the posterior cranial fossa, in continues to run anteriorly through the cavernous sinus and enters the the orbit through the superior orbital fissure at the common tendinous ring of the rectus muscle

A

abducens

75
Q

provides parasympathetic innervation to the constrictor pupillae and ciliary muscles

A

CN 3

76
Q

__ fibers origination in the thoracic IML column travel in the sympathetic trunk and synapse in the superior cervical ganglion

A

sympathetic preganglionic fibers

77
Q

__ fibers gain access to the head by way of the carotid nerves

A

post ganglionic fibers (symp)

78
Q

a fine meshwork of fibers which invest the carotid artery

A

carotid nerves

79
Q

__ fibers originate in the accessory oculomotor nucleus and travel in the CN3

A

parasympathetic preganglionic fibers

80
Q

__ reach the eye by way of short ciliary nerves, and when stimulated, result in the contraction of sphincter pupillae and ciliary musculature

A

parasympathetic postganglionic fibers

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