Packet 31

Question 1

Gonads, ducts, sex glands & supporting structures

Semen contains sperm plus glandular secretions

Answer 1

Male reproductive system

Question 2

Sac of loose skin, fascia & smooth muscle divided into two pouches by septum

Skin contains dartos muscle causes wrinkling

Temperature regulation of testes

• -sperm survival requires 3 degrees lower temperature than core body temperature
• -cremaster muscle in spermatic cord

Answer 2

scrotum

Question 3

elevates testes on exposure to cold & during arousal (‘shrinkage muscle’)
warmth reverses the process

Answer 3

cremaster muscle in spermatic cord

Question 4

Paired oval glands measuring 2 in. by 1in.

Surrounded by dense white capsule

Answer 4

testes

Question 5

the testes are surrounded by dense white capsule called __

–septa form 200 - 300 compartments called lobules

Answer 5

tunica albuginea

Question 6

lobules in testes are filled with 2 or 3 seminiferous tubules where __ are formed

Answer 6

sperm

Question 7

Descent of testes

Answer 7

Develop near kidney on posterior abdominal wall

Descends into scrotum by passing through inguinal canal

• -during 7th month of fetal development
• -Guevedoches in D.R.

Question 8

Testes do not descend into the scrotum
–3% of full-term & 30% of premature infants
–Descend spontaneously 80% of time during the first year of life
surgical treatment necessary before 18 months

Answer 8

Cryptorchidism

Question 9

Untreated bilateral cryptorchidism results in

Answer 9

sterility & a greater risk of testicular cancer

Question 10

all stages of sperm development: spermatogonia, primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte, spermatid, spermatozoa
supporting cells called sertoli cells
Leydig cells

Answer 10

seminiferous tubules

Question 11

__ in between tubules secrete testosterone

Answer 11

leydig cells

Question 12

extend from basement membrane to lumen

• -form blood-testis barrier
• support developing sperm cells
• produce fluid & control release of sperm into lumen
• secrete inhibin which slows sperm production by inhibiting FSH

Answer 12

sertoli cells

Question 13

Testosterone & DHT bind to receptors in cell nucleus & change genetic activity
Prenatal effect is born a male
At puberty, final development of 2nd sex characteristics and adult reproductive system
sexual behavior & libido
male metabolism (bone & muscle mass heavier)
deepening of the voice

Answer 13

hormonal effects of testosterone

Question 14

On Test

how does testosterone effect development

Answer 14

testosterone organizes reproductive system before birth and at puberty testosterone activates development of sexual behavior, male metabolism, voice deepening.

Question 15

Secondary spermatocytes are formed

4 spermatids are formed

Answer 15

spermatogenesis

Question 16

23 chromosomes of which each is 2 chromatids joined by centromere

Answer 16

Secondary spermatocytes

Question 17

each is haploid & unique
all 4 remain in contact with cytoplasmic bridge
accounts for synchronized release of sperm that are 50% X chromosome & 50% Y chromosome

Answer 17

4 spermatids

Question 18

maturation of spermatids into sperm cells

Answer 18

Spermiogenesis

Question 19

release of a sperm cell from a sertoli (sustentacular) cell

Answer 19

Spermiation

Question 20

Hormonal control of spermatogenesis

Answer 20

Puberty
LH
FSH

Question 21

hypothalamus increases its stimulation of anterior pituitary with releasing hormones
anterior pituitary increases secretion LH & FSH

Answer 21

puberty

Question 22

stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone

Answer 22

LH

Question 23

stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone

an enzyme in prostate & seminal vesicles converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT-more potent)

Answer 23

LH

Question 24

stimulates spermatogenesis
–with testosterone, stimulates sertoli cells to secrete androgen-binding protein (keeps hormones levels high)
testosterone stimulates final steps spermatogenesis

Answer 24

FSH

Question 25

``` Male sterilization Vas deferens cut & tied off Sperm production continues Sperm degenerate 100% effective 40% reversible ```

Answer 25

vasectomy

Question 26

Formed from duct of seminal vesicle & ampulla of vas deferens About 1 inch long Adds fluid to prostatic urethra just before ejaculation

Answer 26

ejaculatory ducts

Question 27

Ejaculatory ducts are made of

Answer 27

ampulla of ductus defrens and seminal vesicle

Question 28

Passageway for urine & semen Prostatic urethra (1 inch long) Membranous urethra (passes through UG diaphragm ) Penile (spongy) urethra (through corpus spongiosum)

Answer 28

urethra

Question 29

Pair of pouchlike organs found posterior to the base of bladder Alkaline, viscous fluid (seminal fluid)

Answer 29

seminal vesicles

Question 30

functions of seminal vesicles and their alkaline, viscous fluid

Answer 30

neutralizes vaginal acid & male urethra fructose for ATP production prostaglandins stimulate sperm motility & viability clotting proteins for coagulation of semen

Question 31

Single organ the size of chestnut found inferior to bladder Many duct openings Enlarges with age secretes milky fluid

Answer 31

prostate gland

Question 32

function of prostate gland

Answer 32

increases sperm motility and viability | -citric acid for ATP production & enzymes for seminal liquefaction

Question 33

Paired, pea-sized gland within the UG diaphragm

Answer 33

Bulbourethral or Cowper’s Gland

Question 34

function of Bulbourethral or Cowper’s Gland

Answer 34

Secretes alkaline mucous into spongy urethra | -Neutralizes acids and lubricates

Question 35

Mixture of sperm & seminal fluid

Answer 35

semen

Question 36

semen contains

Answer 36

nutrients, clotting proteins & antibiotic seminalplasmin

Question 37

Typical ejaculate is 2.5 to 5 ml in volume Normal sperm count is 50 to 150 million/ml actions of many are needed for one to enter Coagulates within 5 minutes -- reliquefies in 15 due to enzymes produced by the prostate gland Semen analysis----bad news if show lack of forward motility, low count or abnormal shapes

Answer 37

semen