Paeds 8B Flashcards
how does subluxation of the patella present?
Sudden lateral dislocation of the patella
Very painful
Feeling of instability/giving way
Requires reduction and immobilisation
How many joints must be affected to be classified as polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
More than 4
Describe the difference in the iron content of breast milk and cows milk.
Breast milk - low iron content, high absorption
Cows milk - high iron content, low absorption
List some clinical features of Edwards syndrome.
Low-set ears Small chin Microcephaly Overlapping fingers Rocker-bottom feet Cardiac defects (VSDs) Renal anomalies Learning disability 90% death within 1 year
List some clinical features of Patau syndrome.
Structural brain defects Small eyes Polydactyly Cardiac/renal malformations Death within 1 year
List some clinical features of Klinefelter’s syndrome.
Most common cause of male hypogonadism Small firm testes Tall Behavioural problems Delayed speech Gynaecomastia
List some clinical features of fragile X syndrome.
Moderate learning difficulties (most common genetic cause of learning difficulties) Macrocephaly Large testes Large ears Long face Prominent mandible and forehead
How is fragile X syndrome inherited?
X-linked dominant
Female carriers may have mild learning difficulties
What is Still’s disease?
Systemic form of JIA thought to be of autoimmune origin
Intermittent pyrexia
Salmon-pink rash
Aches and pains of joints and muscles
List some clinical features that are common to all congenital TORCH infection.
Low birth weight Prematurity Jaundice Microcephaly Seizures Anaemia Failure to thrive Encephalitis
Which medication is used to chelate lead in lead poisoning?
EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid)
NOTE: it present with encephalopathic features (e.g. behavioural problems, pica) and causes a hypochromic microcytic anaemia with basophilic stippling
Which other condition can present very similarly to acute epiglottitis?
Retropharyngeal abscess (causes fever, drooling, dysphagia and stridor) Typically has a longer history than acute epiglottitis (over a few days)
Which murmur is typically heard in tetralogy of Fallot?
Ejection systolic murmur heard best in the 3rd intercostal space with a single heart sound
Which tumour markers can be used for neuroblastoma?
Urinary catecholamines
What is a craniopharyngioma?
Rare type of brain tumour derived from pituitary gland embryonic tissue
