Pain

Question 1

What’s pain

Answer 1

Unpleasant sensation due to damage

Question 2

Things associated with pain

Answer 2

Somatic reaction
Autonomic reaction
Emotional reaction

Question 3

Other signs of damage other than pain

Answer 3

Fever

High ESR

Question 4

Significance of pain

Answer 4

Warning

Reaction

Question 5

Pain receptors ?

Answer 5

Free nerve endings

Question 6

Functional classification of pain receptors

Answer 6

Mechanical
Chemical
Thermal
Poly modal

Question 7

Pain receptors are abundant in :

Answer 7

Skin
Periosteum 
Vascular walls
Joints
Dura of falx and tentorium

Question 8

Pain receptors are less abundant in :

Answer 8

Most viscera

Many deep tissue (Muscles, Ligaments, Tendon)

Question 9

Pain-insensitive tissues

Answer 9

Brain
Liver parenchyma
Kidney parenchyma
Lung parenchyma

Question 10

Classes of pain producing compounds

Answer 10

1st class
2nd class

Question 11

Which class of PPS directly stimulate pain receptors

Answer 11

1st class

Question 12

Which class of PPS lowers pain threshold

Answer 12

2nd class

Question 13

Substances of the 1st class of PPS

Answer 13

Potassium
Histamine
Serotonin
Bradykinin

Question 14

Substances of the 2nd class of PPS

Answer 14

Substance P
PGE 2
Leukotriens

Question 15

Qualities of pain

Answer 15

Pricking
Burning
Colicky
Dull
Throbbing
Tearing
Oppressive 
Stabbing
Stitching

Question 16

Classification of chronic non malignant pain

Answer 16

Generalized
Neuropathic
Nociceptive

Question 17

Ex. of generalized pain

Answer 17

Fibromyalgia

Question 18

Ex. neuropathic pain

Answer 18

HIV
Amputation
Nerve injury

Question 19

Ex. nociceptive pain

Answer 19

Osteoarthritis

Migraine

Question 20

Characters of neuropathic pain

Answer 20

Tingling
Numbness 
Burning
Shooting
Paroxysms
Hyperalgasia
Sympathatic dystrophy
Hard treatment
Partial res. To opioid
May respond to TCA

Question 21

Sources of pain

Answer 21

Cutaneous
Deep
Visceral

Question 22

Types of cutaneous pain

Answer 22

Fast

Slow

Question 23

Afferent of types of cutaneous pain

Answer 23

Fast > A-delta

Slow > C

Question 24

Pathway of types of cutaneous pain

Answer 24

Fast > Neospinothalamic

Slow > Paleospinothalamic

Question 25

Neurotransmitter of types of cutaneous pain

Answer 25

Fast > Glutamate | Slow > Substance P

Question 26

Reactions to pain

Answer 26

Somatic motor reaction Autonomic reaction Emotional and psychological reaction

Question 27

Somatic motor reactions to pain

Answer 27

Withdrawal Increase muscle excitability Spasm of nearby muscles

Question 28

Autonomic reactions to pain

Answer 28

Mild pain > Sympathatic | Severe pain > Parasympathetic

Question 29

Emotional and psychological reactions to pain

Answer 29

``` Anxiety Fear Crying Depression Hurt ```

Question 30

Chronic pain does not mask .............

Answer 30

Depression

Question 31

What's hyperalgesia

Answer 31

Skin become more sensitive to pain after 30-60 minutes of injury

Question 32

Types of hyperalgesia

Answer 32

Primary | Secondary

Question 33

Mechanism of primary hyperalgesia

Answer 33

Decrease pain threshold

Question 34

Mechanism of secondary hyperalgesia

Answer 34

Convergence-facilitation theory

Question 35

Characters of deep pain

Answer 35

``` Poor localization Dull C-Fibers Somatic reaction Autonomic reaction Hyperalgesia ```

Question 36

Visceral pain types

Answer 36

True visceral pain | Parietal visceral pain

Question 37

Afferent fibers of types of visceral pain

Answer 37

True > C fibers | Parietal > A-Delta and C fibers

Question 38

Appendicitis pain

Answer 38

Start > Around umbilicus | Later > Right iliac fossa

Question 39

Cardiac pain

Answer 39

Retrosternal Left side of neck Inner side of left arm, forearm and little finger

Question 40

Gall bladder pain

Answer 40

Epigastric region Right shoulder Neck

Question 41

Mechanism of referred pain

Answer 41

Convergence projection theory

Question 42

Components of pain control system

Answer 42

PeriAqueductal grey area Raphe magnus Nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis Locus ceruleus