Pain and Addiction

Question 1

Morphine mechanism of action

Answer 1

Opioid receptor agonist, strong for mu

Question 2

Pethidine

Answer 2

Opioid receptor agonist, intermediate for mu

Question 3

Morphine side effects

Answer 3

Constipation, nausea and vomiting
Respiratory depression
Sedation
Dependence and tolerance
Itching 
Euphoria

Question 4

Pethidine side effects

Answer 4

Anti-cholinergic, convulsions
Constipation, nausea and vomiting
Sedation
Respiratory depression
Euphoria
Dependence and tolerance 
Itching

Question 5

Codeine side effects

Answer 5

Constipation

Question 6

Naloxone mechanism of action

Answer 6

Irreversible opioid receptor antagonist

Question 7

Naloxone use

Answer 7

Reverse effects of morphine and opioids, prevent respiratory depression, detect addiction (no effect in normal people)

Question 8

Naltrexone used

Answer 8

Reverse effects of morphine an opioids, prevent respiratory depression and relapse, detect addiction (no effect in normal people)

Question 9

1/2 lives of naloxone and naltrexone

Answer 9

Naloxone: 2-4 hours
Naltrexone: 10 hours

Question 10

What is tramadol’s role in analgesia?

Answer 10

Enhances 5-HT transmission from brain to spinal cord

Weak mu-opioid receptor agonist

Question 11

When is tramadol used?

Answer 11

Chronic pain, post-operatively

Question 12

What is the role of antidepressants in analgesia?

Answer 12

Enhance 5-HT and NA transmission from the brain to spinal cord

Question 13

When are antidepressants used for analgesia?

Answer 13

Long-term chronic pain

Question 14

How does conotoxin induce analgesia?

Answer 14

N-type Ca2+ channel blocker
Chronic and acute pain
Directly to the spinal cord