Indication:
NSAIDs
(nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)
- Analgesic: to treat mild to moderate pain
- Antipyretic: to decrease a fever
Generic names:
NSAIDs
- celecoxib
- ibuprofen
- indomethacin
- ketorolac
- meloxicam
- naproxen
Most common adverse effects and nursing considerations:
NSAIDs
- can cause GI upset and GI bleeding
- take with food
- assess for bleeding
- nephrotoxic
- assess BUN, creatinine and urine output
Indication:
Opioids
Analgesic: to treat moderate to severe pain.
Generic names:
Opioids
- codeine
- fentanyl
- methadone
- morphine
- oxycodone
- oxymorphone
- tramadol
- hydromorphone
- heroin (illegal)
These meds are highly addictive.
Most common adverse and side effects and nursing considerations:
Opioids
- bradypnea: assess respirations and hold if < 12
- suppresses cough reflex: encourage cough and deep breathing
- constipation: encourage fluids, fiber, and walking
- sedation: assess vital signs and prevent falls
- use caution with head injury clients: can increase intracranial pressure
What do opiods do to pupils?
Can cause pinpoint pupils.
Opioids stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system, which controls the pupils.
(constricted pupils)
Indication:
naloxone
- antidote / opioid antagonist
- to treat opioid overdose
How is opioid withdrawal treated?
- methadone: opioids are tapered
- clonidine: to calm client
Nursing considerations:
meperidine
- opioid analgesic given when there are no other viable options
- do not give to children or elderly due to risk of seizures
Indication:
acetaminophen
- analgesic: treat mild to moderate pain
- antipyretic: treat fever
Antidote to acetaminophen
acetylcysteine
Most common adverse reactions and nursing considerations:
acetaminophen
Hepatotoxic
- assess liver function: ALT, AST, bilirubin
- don’t give to clients with liver disease
How many milligrams daily is acetaminophen limited to?
4000 mg daily
Generic names:
opioid/acetaminophen combination med
- acetaminophen/hydrocodone
- acetaminophen/oxycodone
Nursing considerations:
opioid/acetaminophen combination med
- assess client if taking additional acetaminophen
- teach to avoid acetaminophen overdose
Indication:
sumatriptan
rizatriptan
To treat migraines.
Adverse reaction and nursing considerations:
sumatriptan
rizatriptan
arrhythimias: assess for chest pain
Mechanism of action:
NSAIDs
Inhibit COX-2.
Mechanism of action:
acetaminophen
Inhibits prostaglandins.
