Flashcards in Pain & Nociception No.2 Deck (30)
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1
what re two types of 2nd order neurones
nociceptive specific and non specific
2
what is specific 2nd order nueorns
only input form nociceptors
presence and location at noxious stimulus
3
what are wide dynamic range non specific 2nd order neurones
inputs from nociceptors, mechanoreceptors, thermorcepes
respond to wide range stim intensities
4
where next fro 2nd order neurones
contralateral thalamus va triemino thalamic that
ventrobasal nuclei
posterior/medial nuclei
(emotional/motor resp)
primary sonatosense cortex
insula
cingulate gyrus
5
what are the interactions that ca happen between ptahywas at first synapse
divergence
convergence
hyperalgesia
raidiating
referred pain
6
what are the modulations that can happen at first synapse
gate control
0 segmental
- descending control
diffuse noxious inhibit controls
7
what is divergence
final branching of primary afferent multiple times to loads 2nd neurons
8
what is convergence
numerous pre syn axons to one 2nd order neurone
allows summation
spatial inaccuracies
9
what is the path for discrete pain
stim area X and conscious pain to area X
10
what is hyperalgesia
increased pain form a stimulus that normally provokes pain
11
what is path of hyperalgesia
area X tim cause conscious pain to area X
also sensitise area Y so if this is stim means pain more at area Y
12
what is radiating pain
pain appears tone spread beyond the area affected
13
what is the path of radiating pain
area X tim causes area X and Y to be consciously pain
14
what is referred pain
pain appears originate form an area that is diff to the injured area
15
what is the path for referred pain
area X tim conscious pain in area Y due to inhibit influences in path of area X
16
where is referred pin usually from
a deep to superficial structure
to a tissue that produces sensory activity
17
what is segmental referred pain
heart to left arm
max sinus to teeth
appendix to abdominal skin
18
what are interneurons activated by
segmental inputs
descending controls
19
what sit he gate control theory
gate of inhibitory interneurons modulate pain signals
20
what can be affected by gate theory
A eta and C nocicipetors
A beta mechanoreceps
higher centres
21
what are the excitatory neurotnasmittters
substance P
CGRP
Glutamate
22
what are the inhibitory neurotransmitters
endogenous opioids
Glycine
GABA
23
what is the analgesic pregabalin
decreases release of sub P, CGRP, glutamate
24
what is ketamine
analgesic
receptor antagonisist for glutamate
25
what is morphine
analgesic mimics endogenous opiods
26
what is Gabapentin
analgesic o have simianr effects to GABA
27
what si counter irritation Phenomena
one pain masks another
pain modulation
28
what is an example of counter irritation phenomena
acupuncture
29
what is prolonged pain
long acting neurotransmitters
neuromodulators
Bi stable neurones (active until off)
+ve feedback circuits
30
